The primary function of the router is forwarding packets in the direction of their destination. The router received and accepts packets on one interface and forward it out via another interface, this is done by switching function of the router. A main task of the switching function is to encapsulate packets in the proper data […]
There are many devices and technologies working together to enable a network. The primary device for networking is the router. The routers connect multiple networks together. Communication between different networks is not possible without a routers. The main functions of the router are to decide the best path to the destination and send traffic to […]
In the previous article, I explained how trunks work. By default, trunk ports can use all VLANs and pass traffic for multiple VLANs across the same physical link between switches. The VLAN simplify network administration and maintenance. It also improves the performance of the network, but it has some backhaul for hacker which is necessary […]
Trunk links common problem mostly occurs due to incorrect configurations. Troubleshooting trunk links problem is a common task in networking. If a problem with a trunk is found and the cause is unknown, first, check the trunks for a native VLAN mismatch. If native VLAN is correct then, check for trunk mode mismatches, and at […]
The Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP) is a Cisco proprietary protocol. The Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP) automatically enabled on Catalyst 2960 and Catalyst 3560 Series switches. DTP manage trunk negotiation between two or more Cisco devices before actually forming the trunk connection. The benefit of DTP is to boost traffic on a trunked link. Ethernet interfaces […]
Each VLAN in the network required a unique IP subnet because two devices in the same VLAN with different subnet addresses, cannot communicate. During the VLAN configuration this a common problem, and we can solve this problem by identifying the incorrect IP address configuration and changing the address to the correct one. For example, if […]
A VLAN trunk link carries multiple VLAN traffic between multiple switches unless we restrict the traffic of VLAN manually or dynamically. Port configuration is required at both ends of the physical link with similar sets of commands. The switchport mode trunk command changes port mode permanently to trunking. We can also use DTP for trunking. Switch […]
In telecommunications, the trunk is a link to carry multiple signals simultaneously and providing network access between two points. Its provide network access to many clients by sharing a set of lines or frequencies instead of providing them individually. This is similar to the structure of a tree with one trunk and many branches. Typically, trunks connect switching centres in […]
In the previous article, we have discussed the normal and extended-range VLANs. Normal range VLAN configuration is stored in vlan.dat file, which located in flash memory on the switch. Flash memory does not need the copy running-config startup-config or Write command. But, other details are usually configured on a Cisco switch at the same time when […]
Different Cisco Catalyst switches support different numbers of VLANs. The number of supported VLANs is enough to accommodate the requirements of nearly all organizations. The Catalyst 2960 and 3560 Series switches support VLANs over 4,000. The Normal VLANs ID range from 1 to 1,005 and extended-range VLANs are from 1,006 to 4,094. The figure below […]
