Tag: Pakistan

Education Realities In Pakistan: Confront With Social, Cultural Forces.Part I
Pakistan has expressed its commitment to promoting education and literacy in the country through education policies at the domestic level and getting involved in international commitments on education. In this regard, national education policies are the visions that suggest strategies to increase literacy rate, capacity building, and enhance facilities in schools and educational institutes. MDGs(Millennium Development Goals) and EFA(Education For All, Dakar Declaration, Commitments) programs are global commitments of Pakistan for the promotion of literacy. The education system in Pakistan, like in many other countries, is influenced by a myriad of social and cultural factors. The vital role of education has been neglected in Pakistan which has led to low development in all fields of life.
Missing The Targets:
i. The goal 2 of MDGs is to achieve Universal Primary Education (UPE) and by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling. By the year 2014, the enrolment statistics show an increase in the enrolment of students of the age of 3-16 years while the dropout rate decreased. However, the need for increasing the enrolment of students remains high to achieve the MDG target.
ii. Goal 3 of MDGs is Promoting Gender Equality and Women Empowerment. It is aimed at eliminating gender disparity in primary and secondary education levels by 2005 and in all levels of education not later than 2015. There is a stark disparity between male and female literacy rates. The national literacy rate of males was 71% while that of females was 48% in 2012-13.
Education Realities In Pakistan: Confront With Social, Cultural Forces.Part I 7
Brief Overview
Pakistan’s education system has faced persistent challenges, hindering its ability to provide quality education to all. Examining the social and cultural factors at play is essential for devising strategies to improve the system.
Importance of Understanding Factors
To implement meaningful changes, we must comprehend the intricate web of influences that shape the education landscape in Pakistan.
II. Historical Context
A. Evolution of the Education System
The education system in Pakistan comprises four major levels: primary, middle, high school, and higher education. Despite progress in recent years, the system still faces several critical challenges. The roots of Pakistan’s education system can be traced back to historical developments that have left a lasting impact on its structure and accessibility.
B. Impact of Historical Events
The policymakers diverted from the two-nation theory. In the two-nation theory, the main idea was that Muslims have distinct cultures, languages, religions, education systems, and laws. In every policy, the set goals and objectives were not achieved. In place of the goals of foreign imperialism were imposed. English as a foreign language was given more importance than the mother tongue and national language. Instead of creating nationhood a class system was created and that status quo never let the nationhood.
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III. Socio-economic Factors
Economic Disparities
Economic disparities are a critical issue affecting societies globally. In the context of Pakistan, these disparities play a significant role in shaping the educational landscape. Economic disparities in Pakistan are starkly evident in the distribution of wealth, income inequality, and access to resources. The concentration of wealth in certain segments of the population creates a significant divide that trickles down to various aspects of life, including education.
Social Class and Education
The stratification of society plays a pivotal role in determining educational opportunities for individuals. In Pakistan, social class significantly influences educational opportunities, with disparities in access to quality schooling and resources perpetuating a cycle of inequality. The stratification of society based on socioeconomic status poses challenges in achieving educational equity and fostering social mobility.
Education Realities In Pakistan: Confront With Social, Cultural Forces.Part I 8
Cultural Influences
Role of Cultural Norms
Cultural norms and values deeply influence the perception of education, shaping individuals’ attitudes toward learning. Cultural norms in Pakistan wield a profound influence on education, shaping attitudes towards learning, gender roles, and the curriculum. These norms, deeply rooted in societal values, impact educational access and outcomes, necessitating a nuanced understanding to address challenges and promote inclusive learning environments.
Traditional Gender Roles
Gender roles, deeply ingrained in Pakistani society, contribute to educational disparities between males and females.In the Pakistani education system, traditional gender roles play a pivotal yet challenging role. Prevailing societal expectations often dictate distinct educational paths for males and females, influencing subject choices, career options, and overall access to educational resources. Navigating these entrenched roles is crucial for fostering a more inclusive and equitable educational landscape in Pakistan.
Education Realities In Pakistan: Confront With Social, Cultural Forces.Part I 9
Government Policies
Policy Analysis
An examination of existing educational policies reveals gaps that need addressing for effective change. Government policy analysis in the context of Pakistan’s educational system unveils a dynamic landscape. Examining the efficacy of policies reveals both strides and challenges. From initiatives aimed at enhancing access to education to addressing quality concerns, the nuanced evaluation of government strategies becomes essential for fostering a robust and responsive educational framework in Pakistan.
Implementation Challenges
Despite well-intentioned policies, challenges in implementation persist, hindering their impact on the ground. The implementation of education policies in Pakistan encounters multifaceted challenges. Issues such as bureaucratic hurdles, resource constraints, and regional disparities impede the effective execution of well-intentioned policies. Inadequate infrastructure, coupled with socio-economic factors, further complicates the translation of policy into tangible educational improvements. A comprehensive understanding of these challenges is imperative for refining strategies and ensuring the successful implementation of educational reforms in Pakistan.
Education Realities In Pakistan: Confront With Social, Cultural Forces.Part I 10
Language Barriers
Impact of Language Diversity
Pakistan’s linguistic diversity poses challenges in delivering education effectively, especially in regions with distinct languages. The rich language diversity in Pakistan poses both opportunities and challenges to its education system. While linguistic pluralism enriches cultural identity, it can hinder effective communication in classrooms and educational materials. Striking a balance between celebrating the linguistic heritage and promoting a unified language of instruction is essential for fostering inclusive and accessible education across diverse linguistic communities in Pakistan.
Teacher Quality
Importance of Qualified Teachers
The quality of teachers is paramount to the success of any education system, demanding a focus on teacher training and motivation. The significance of qualified teachers in Pakistan’s education system cannot be overstated. A cadre of well-trained educators not only imparts knowledge effectively but also serves as mentors, inspiring students to reach their full potential. The impact reverberates beyond the classroom, influencing societal progress and shaping the future. Recognizing and prioritizing the role of qualified teachers is paramount for fostering a robust and transformative education system in Pakistan.
Societal Expectations
Pressures on Students
Societal expectations place immense pressure on students, impacting their mental well-being and academic performance. The social impacts of pressures on students in Pakistan are substantial and multifaceted. Academic competition, societal expectations, and the pursuit of success create a high-pressure environment. This, in turn, can lead to heightened stress levels, mental health challenges, and an undue focus on rote learning. Addressing these social pressures is crucial for cultivating a more balanced and holistic approach to education in Pakistan, ensuring the well-being of students alongside academic achievement.
Education Realities In Pakistan: Confront With Social, Cultural Forces.Part I 11
Cultural Disparity
The cultural disparities prevalent in Pakistan exert discernible impacts on the education system. Variances in cultural norms, practices, and values create challenges in establishing a standardized educational framework. These disparities manifest in curricular content, teaching methodologies, and educational access, thereby influencing the overall quality and inclusivity of the learning experience. Addressing these cultural disparities necessitates a nuanced approach, one that recognizes and accommodates diverse cultural perspectives to foster a more equitable and culturally sensitive educational environment in Pakistan.
Conclusion
The cultural disparities prevalent in Pakistan exert discernible impacts on the education system. Variances in cultural norms, practices, and values create challenges in establishing a standardized educational framework. These disparities manifest in curricular content, teaching methodologies, and educational access, thereby influencing the overall quality and inclusivity of the learning experience. Addressing these cultural disparities necessitates a nuanced approach, one that recognizes and accommodates diverse cultural perspectives to foster a more equitable and culturally sensitive educational environment in Pakistan.
Note: This article is in a series and the next part will be published soon.
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November 22, 2023
Engaging with the Polio Challenge: A Closer Look at Pakistan’s Struggle
Polio, or poliomyelitis, stands as a formidable foe in Pakistan’s transmissive disease threshold, jeopardizing the health of its citizens. This article sees the intricacies of Pakistan’s struggle against the polio challenge, underscoring its global impact. Currently, Pakistan faces persistent challenges in eradicating polio.
Recent data-position Pakistan with one other country in the region, second only to Afghanistan, grappling with endemic transmission. According to the latest World Health Organization report, Pakistan maintains a concerning index in global polio statistics. Despite commendable efforts, it ranks among nations struggling to break free from the chains of endemic transmission. This data underscores the urgency of addressing the complexities surrounding polio in Pakistan and highlights the crucial role of global support, particularly from the United States.
Historical Context
Pakistan has made significant strides in eradicating polio in the past. However, maintaining a polio-free status has proven challenging. Historical efforts, while commendable, highlight the need for sustained commitment and adaptive strategies.
Current Scenario
Recent statistics revealed adequate improvements regarding a decrease in new cases, but still, it suggests a long way ahead in making the country polio-free. This year, there has been a concerning rise in polio cases, with 22 new cases from 2022 onward, indicating a setback in the fight against the disease. Understanding the contributing factors is crucial for developing effective interventions and ensuring the well-being of vulnerable populations.
Global Impact
The consequences of persistent polio reach far beyond Pakistan’s borders. A global perspective on the issue emphasizes the interconnectedness of health and the need for collaborative efforts by international organizations to address this public health crisis.
Societal Factors
Cultural and religious influences, coupled with misinformation and vaccine hesitancy, have fueled the challenges in eradicating polio. Overcoming these barriers requires a nuanced approach that respects local beliefs while promoting the importance of vaccination.
Government Initiatives
The Pakistani government has implemented various policies and programs to combat polio. However, success hinges on collaboration with international partners and adapting strategies to meet evolving challenges.
Healthcare Infrastructure
An analysis of Pakistan’s healthcare system reveals both strengths and weaknesses in the context of polio eradication. Vaccination clinics and healthcare professionals are instrumental in reaching communities and ensuring widespread immunization.
Read Also: Unmasking the Climate Crisis: Pakistan’s Battle for a Sustainable Future
Success Stories
While challenges persist, some regions in Pakistan have successfully overcome polio. Examining these success stories provides valuable insights into practical strategies and encourages hope for eradicating the disease.
Ongoing Challenges
Identifying persisting challenges, such as access to remote areas and vaccine distribution, is crucial for refining current strategies. A holistic approach that addresses these challenges is essential for sustained progress.
Importance of Global Support
Global support plays a pivotal role in the fight against polio. From financial contributions to sharing expertise, readers are encouraged to consider how they can contribute to the global effort to eradicate polio and support affected communities.
The Human Impact
Personal stories of individuals affected by polio bring a human perspective. By understanding the challenges those directly impacted face, readers can empathize with the urgency of eradicating polio.
Future Outlook
Projections for polio eradication in Pakistan are optimistic, provided efforts remain steadfast. Continued advancements in healthcare and vaccination technologies contribute to a hopeful future without the threat of polio.
US Involvement
The United States has played a significant role in supporting polio eradication in Pakistan. Diplomatic and humanitarian efforts showcase the importance of global solidarity in addressing public health challenges.
Building Awareness
Media plays a crucial role in shaping perceptions and fostering public discourse. Building awareness among US readers is key to garnering support and ensuring that polio remains a priority on the global health agenda.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the issue of polio in Pakistan requires collective action and global understanding. By staying informed and actively supporting eradication efforts, readers can contribute to a world free from the threat of polio.
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Eradicating polio in Pakistahttps://globalizationandhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12992-016-0195-3n: an analysis of the challenges
FAQs
How can individuals in the US contribute to polio eradication in Pakistan?
Various organizations accept donations to support vaccination programs and healthcare infrastructure in Pakistan.
What role does vaccine hesitancy play in the persistence of polio in Pakistan?
Vaccine hesitancy, influenced by cultural and religious factors, contributes to lower immunization rates, allowing polio to persist.
Are there success stories of regions in Pakistan that have overcome polio?
Some regions have successfully eradicated polio through effective vaccination campaigns and community engagement.
How does the US government contribute to global polio eradication efforts?
The US government provides financial support and expertise to international organizations working on polio eradication.
How can the average person raise awareness about polio in their community?
Sharing information on social media, organizing local events, and engaging in conversations about the importance of vaccination can raise awareness.
November 15, 2023
Understanding the Afghan Refugees Dilemma in Pakistan
In the heart of South Asia, a complex situation unfolds as Afghan refugees seek refuge in Pakistan. This dilemma, shaped by historical events and geopolitical factors, presents a multifaceted challenge. This brief endeavour shed light on the plight of Afghan refugees in Pakistan, exploring the economic, social, and cultural dynamics that define their experience.
Current Status of Afghan Refugees in Pakistan
With a significant number of Afghan refugees residing in Pakistan, estimated in the millions, the challenges they face are paramount. Limited resources and employment opportunities create a delicate situation, demanding attention on a global scale.
Impact on Pakistan’s Economy
The influx of Afghan refugees has undoubtedly strained Pakistan’s economy. The increased demand for resources and economic opportunities intensify economic pressures. Balancing the needs of both the local population and refugees becomes a delicate task for policymakers.
Social and Cultural Dynamics
Integration challenges persist as Afghan refugees bring diverse cultural backgrounds to Pakistan. While this cultural exchange enriches society, it also presents hurdles in fostering a sense of belonging. Initiatives promoting cultural understanding are crucial for harmony.
Educational Barriers
Access to education is a pressing concern for Afghan refugee children. Limited resources and overcrowded schools hinder their learning opportunities. However, various organizations are working to address these challenges and provide educational support.
Afghan children mostly learn under poor schooling infrastructure in Pakistan.
Healthcare Concerns
Limited access to healthcare further compounds the Afghan refugees’ struggles. Efforts to improve healthcare services for refugees are underway, emphasizing the need for comprehensive and accessible medical assistance.
Legal Challenges Faced by Afghan Refugees
Embarking on the legal journey is a pivotal part of the Afghan refugee story. Let’s dig deeper into this realm, uncovering the real challenges these individuals face – from the intricate process of securing residency or work permits to the superhero-like efforts of legal aid organizations fighting for the rights of Afghan refugees. And if that wasn’t intriguing enough, to unravel the intricate dance between international law and the legal framework of the host country, giving you a panoramic understanding of the legal tapestry at play.
Afghan Refugees Detainee In Sindh
Role of International Organizations
International organizations play a significant role in supporting Afghan refugees in Pakistan. Contributions and aid are essential, but a sustained effort is needed to create long-term solutions for their resettlement and integration.
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Public Opinion in Pakistan
Public opinion on Afghan refugees in Pakistan varies. While some communities express solidarity, others may harbour concerns. Initiatives promoting dialogue and understanding are essential to bridge gaps and build a more inclusive society.
U.S. Involvement and Responsibility
As the situation unfolds, the role of the U.S. in affecting Afghan refugees’ lives cannot be ignored. U.S. policies and decisions significantly impact the dilemma, necessitating a thoughtful examination of their involvement and responsibility.
Future Prospects and Solutions
To address the Afghan refugees’ dilemma in Pakistan, sustainable solutions are imperative. Global collaboration and coordinated efforts are needed to ensure the well-being and integration of refugees into the fabric of society.
Personal Stories of Resilience
Amid the challenges, stories of resilience emerge from Afghan refugees in Pakistan. Narratives of individuals overcoming obstacles inspire hope and underscore the strength of the human spirit.
Media Portrayal and Public Perception
The media’s influence on public perception shapes the narrative around Afghan refugees. Striking a balance in storytelling is vital to ensure a nuanced understanding of the challenges and contributions of this community.
Bridging Gaps Between Communities
Community engagement initiatives play a pivotal role in fostering empathy and understanding between the local population and Afghan refugees. Building bridges between communities is essential for creating a harmonious coexistence.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Afghan refugee’ dilemma in Pakistan is a complex issue that demands attention, understanding, and collaborative solutions. By addressing economic, social, and cultural challenges, we can work towards a future where Afghan refugees find stability and thrive in their new homes.
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Pakistan’s Unending Political Polarization: Causes and Implications.
FAQs
What is the current number of Afghan refugees in Pakistan?
The exact number fluctuates, but estimates suggest millions of Afghan refugees reside in Pakistan.
How does the Afghan refugee dilemma impact Pakistan’s economy?
The influx of refugees places a strain on resources and intensifies competition for jobs, impacting the economy.
What initiatives are in place to address educational barriers for Afghan refugee children?
Various organizations are working to provide educational support and improve learning opportunities.
November 13, 2023
Unmasking the Climate Crisis: Pakistan’s Battle for a Sustainable Future
Among the list of urgent challenges faced by Pakistan, the climate is the most pressing issue that needs urgent attention. Global carbon emission level increases as the world, the global north(broadly comprised of Europe and North America including Australia and New Zealand) in particular, braces for more carbon emission for their industrial purposes. The global south(countries with lower income, less developed, and politically marginalized) bears the undesirable consequences of climate change. In the 21st century, the average yearly temperature on Earth has been more than 2 degrees F (more than 1 degree C) higher than recorded pre-industrial temperatures. Pakistan appeared on the list of the top 10 most affected countries in the world prone to climate-related disasters. The consequences of climate change are far-reaching and affect nations across the globe, including Pakistan.
Climate Change in Pakistan: A Global Perspective
Climate change is driven primarily by human activities; in other words, it is man-made, such as the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and ever-growing industrial processes. The increase in greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and methane, has led to global warming because of the weakening ozone layer, resulting in changes to the Earth’s climate patterns. These changes have had a significant impact on Pakistan’s climate.
Impacts of Climate Change On Pakistan
Changing Weather Patterns
Climate change in Pakistan appeared in various shapes and forms. Few very noticeable among them are the frequent phenomena as the country is experiencing more frequent and intense heatwaves, prolonged drought conditions, and irregular rainfall. Since 2010, Pakistan has consistently been exposed to minor to high floods since a huge segment of the country is attached to agriculture and livestock, being severely hit by changing climate patterns.
Water Scarcity
For irrigation and agriculture, Pakistan heavily relies on its river system. The melting of glaciers in the Himalayas was a rare scene until, a direct result of climate change. This has led to a reduction in the flow of water in these rivers. Pakistan is already one of the most water-stressed countries in the world, where supply is hovering around 1017 cubic meters per capita. This has created a looming water crisis.
Agriculture and Food Security
Climate change-induced weather extremes have disrupted agricultural cycles. Farmers face challenges of less water availability that results in crop failures, reduced yields, and increased pest infestations. This directly impacts food security in Pakistan, with vulnerable portions of society facing malnutrition and hunger.
The Human Toll of Climate Change in Pakistan
Health Impacts
Prolonged extreme hot and dry weather conditions produce heatwaves. Too often, it results in the occurrence of heatstroke that creates health emergencies in mega cities of Pakistan. The increased incidence of heat-related illnesses and the spread of vector-borne diseases concern public health issues.
Displacement and Migration
Climate change in Pakistan results in people migrating from drought-stricken areas of Baluchistan, some districts of Sindh, to urban places. Also, as climate change intensifies, the coastal areas become uninhabitable for the nearer people and communities. Flooding and extreme weather events resulted in forced displacement and migration, straining resources in host communities.
Challenges Faced by Vulnerable Communities
Coastal Areas
Pakistan’s coastal areas are particularly vulnerable to climate change, with rising sea levels threatening homes and livelihoods. Sustainable coastal management is essential to protect these regions.
Mountain Regions
The Himalayan and Karakoram mountain ranges in Pakistan are experiencing accelerated glacial melting, leading to an increased risk of glacial lake outburst floods and water scarcity downstream.
Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation
Pakistan must devise multiprong strategies to mitigate the undesirable effects of climate change. In the short term, the policy of reducing greenhouse gases must be the goal. In the long run, eliminating the impacts of climate change, cleaner energy sources, and sustainable practices. Adaptation strategies aim to help communities cope with the effects of climate change, such as building resilient infrastructure and improving disaster preparedness by institutionalization and authority creation.
Climate-Resilient Infrastructure
Investing in climate-resilient infrastructure is crucial to withstand extreme weather events. The recent flash flooding caused destruction to the building of nearby water streams and road infrastructure due to the amassing of water flow, an amount unthinkable before. Building infrastructure that can withstand flooding, enhancing water storage and management systems, and improving disaster response and recovery.
International Cooperation and Agreements
Pakistan is a signatory to various international agreements and climate protocols. Climate change is a global issue that can be addressed through collective efforts. The Paris Agreement, for instance, sets targets for countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and limit global warming. Also, climate repatriation through climate funds for climate-induced damages is a better idea.
Read Also: Unravelling Pakistan’s Political Psychology: From Conflict to Hope.
The Role of Civil Society and Advocacy
Climate change awareness and advocacy play a significant role in shaping policies and actions.Their efforts include organizing awareness campaigns, planting trees, and advocating for environmentally friendly policies. Civil society organizations, environmental activists, and concerned citizens are pushing for climate change mitigation and adaptation.
Courtesy Dawn
Case Studies: Climate Change Effects in Pakistan
Flooding and Monsoon Rains
Pakistan has witnessed devastating floods due to intense monsoon rains, displacing millions and causing significant economic losses. Improved flood management and early warning systems are crucial.
courtesy Amnesty International
Water Management
According to the Dawn report, Pakistan has a water capacity for 30 days. Pakistan is already a water-stressed country if it continues on the same line, in the following decades, it could become a water-scarce nation. Water scarcity is a growing concern in Pakistan due to the melting of glaciers in the Himalayas and the erratic nature of monsoon rains. To address this, Pakistan needs to focus on sustainable water management, water conservation, and the development of efficient irrigation techniques.
Ecosystem Preservation
Pakistan’s unique ecosystems, including its mangroves, deserts, and mountain regions, are threatened. Climate change not only affects human lives but also threatens natural habitats. Preserving those is vital to maintain biodiversity and ensure the environment’s health.
Public Health Preparedness
With changing climate patterns and the spread of climate-related such as heatstrokes in extremely hot weather conditions, the floods have already caused a significant increase in infectious diseases like malaria, cholera, dengue, and fungal skin infections. They have wiped out water and sanitation systems, raising the likelihood that Pakistanis will come in contact with infected water supplies. Diseases and health issues are becoming more complex. Public health systems must adapt to these changes and develop strategies to help protect the affected population.
Glacial Melting
The rapid melting of glaciers in the north poses a long-term threat to water resources. Also, Climate change is the basic reason for Melting glaciers is one of the clearest, most visible signs of the climate crisis and one of its most direct consequences. Scientific research and international cooperation are essential to address this issue.
Unmasking the Climate Crisis: Pakistan’s Battle for a Sustainable Future 20
The Importance of Awareness and Education
As the experience demands that Pakistan should make climate change its proper future national agenda. Creating awareness about climate change and its impacts is vital. Education programs can empower individuals and communities to take action and make sustainable choices.
Steps Towards a Sustainable Future
Addressing climate change in Pakistan requires a multi-pronged approach. International cooperation and local engagement are key to ensuring a sustainable future for the country, including reducing emissions, protecting vulnerable communities, and building climate resilience.
Challenges and Opportunities in Addressing Climate Change
While Pakistan faces significant challenges primarily posed by climate change, there are opportunities for positive change, too. Here are some key aspects to consider:
Renewable Energy Transitioning
In the renewable energy sector, Pakistan is an attractive candidate. Solar and wind power are emerging as key sources in countries transitioning to more energy-secured, less costly, and have immense potential to grow further. Transitioning to cleaner energy alternatives can not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions but also enhance energy security and create job opportunities.
Reforestation and Afforestation
Trees absorb carbon dioxide, and help mitigate the impacts of climate change. Planting trees and restoring forests is an effective strategy to combat climate change. Government initiatives and community involvement in reforestation are essential.
Sustainable Agriculture Practices
One way to combat the growing food insecurity, viz-viz with increasing population, is to adopt new agricultural modalities. Promoting sustainable agricultural practices, such as efficient water use and organic farming, can make a significant difference in adapting to changing weather patterns and ensuring food security.
Pakistan’s Path to a Sustainable Future
Addressing the most critical challenge of climate change, Pakistan needs to prioritize short-term objectives and convert them into long-term institutional frameworks. A comprehensive approach that involves government efforts, community engagement, and international cooperation. As the impacts of climate change continue to intensify, sustainable development, environmental protection, and resilience must be priorities in focus.
Conclusion
The challenge posed by climate change to Pakistan is a most grievous one. The catastrophe it presents under troubling economic circumstances can not be more severe than that. This will have far-reaching consequences. It affects its environment, economy, and the well-being of its people. A balanced and multifaceted approach involving government action, international collaboration, community engagement, and individual responsibility is deeply required.
Climate change is not just an environmental concern; it is a matter of national security, public health, and economic stability. By adopting sustainable practices, transitioning to green technologies, and investing in climate resilience, Pakistan can mitigate the impacts of climate change and work towards a more sustainable and prosperous future for all its citizens.
Read Also: Pakistan’s Frequent Moves to IMF: Loan Mismanagement Or Economy Needs Overhauling.
October 30, 2023
Pakistan’s Frequent Moves to IMF: Loan Mismanagement Or Economy Needs Overhauling.
In July this year, it was the 13th time in its history that Pakistan received a much-needed International Monetary Fund (IMF) financial assistance trench. Subsequent questions come to mind: Why has the IMF played a lifeline role in Pakistan’s economic structure for so long? The other is also important: Why is Pakistan’s economy on a ventilator too frequently? (Ventilator is a medical term used to support someone ill or injured by artificially providing breathing). Infecting IMF addiction in Pakistan signifies deep-seated economic issues that are not tackled promptly and require long-term economic management and decisions. Particularly, arranging for IMF-based assistance programs in future scenarios will be a tougher issue, looking at the economic slowdown going on around the world and the natural crises, such as pandemics, that disrupted global supply chain systems. The issues regarding Pakistan’s permanent IMF visit are under discussion.
Historical Context: A Brief Overview
How Pakistan became consistently attached to the IMF is not a recent story. It dates back to the 1980s when the country struggled with economic hardship and turned to the IMF for financial assistance. The reasons have evolved since then, but the recurring theme has been that a fragile economy found itself in hot water, unable to sustain itself without external support.
IMF Assistance: Why Does Pakistan Seek It?
The IMF offers financial assistance to countries facing dire economic crises. Pakistan’s need for IMF assistance typically arises from a balance of payments crisis, where the country’s foreign exchange reserves are insufficient to meet its international financial obligations. The IMF then carefully examines the country’s economic conditions and provides much-needed funds in exchange for implementing structural reforms through decreasing deficit margins.
The Economic Challenges: What Plagues Pakistan’s Economy
Pakistan faces many economic challenges, including high inflation, fiscal deficits, and a widening trade gap. The country’s inability to generate sufficient revenue to meet its expenditures also exacerbates the situation.
Debt Crisis: The Never-Ending Loop.
Pakistan’s continued demand for domestic and international borrowing finance has led to a debt burden. The interest payments on these loans consume a significant portion of the budget, leaving limited public expenditure or resources for development projects. The country’s debt-to-GDP ratio has been a consistent cause for concern. It, too often, floats on unsustainable levels. Over the years, this persistent dependency on loans has led to a vicious cycle of accumulated debt. New loans are often consumed in paying off old ones, exacerbating the debt scenario.
Lack of Diversification: Over-Reliance on Agriculture
Agriculture remains a significant contributor to Pakistan’s GDP. Over-reliance on this sector leaves the economy vulnerable to external shock. Climate change, recurring flooding in Baluchistan and Sindh crop-growing areas (almost damaged 80% of kharif( summer crops) in 2023 flood), and global commodity price fluctuations. Diversification is key to building a self-sustainable – resilient economy. Pakistan needs to promote growth in other areas like manufacturing and services to reduce its reliance on agriculture.
Political Instability: A Hurdle to Economic Progress
Too often, political instability arising from various factors has hindered the implementation of long-term economic policies. This inconsistency has created an uncertain environment for business activities and investor confidence.
Corruption and Mismanagement: Hindrances to Progress
Corruption has been a persistent issue in Pakistan. Misallocation of public funds and corrupt practices have hampered economic progress. Thus making it challenging for the government to manage its finances effectively. Corruption not only diverts resources away from essential public services but also erodes the trust of both domestic and foreign investors.
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China’s Influence: The CPEC Connection
The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor ( known as CPEC) brings Pakistan a bonanza of projects and economic opportunities. While CPEC promises infrastructure development and economic integration, it also adds to Pakistan’s economic debt in the form of a debt burden and repayment problems. Balancing the benefits and risks of this relationship is crucial for Pakistan’s economic future.
The Way Forward: A Balanced Approach
Pakistan faces significant challenges in this ever-evolving economic landscape. While IMF assistance is a lifeline, the nation must work diligently to create a robust and self-reliant economy for the betterment of its citizens.
The Need for Comprehensive Structural Reforms:
Pakistan must embark on a journey toward a comprehensive structural reform agenda. The process may be politically unwise, but it is fundamental in addressing the root causes of its economic difficulties. The reform agenda should not be limited in scope and strategies but a broader economic approach to fiscal and monetary policies. It should encompass governance, education, infrastructure, and diversification of the economy. To break the cycle of IMF assistance, Pakistan needs to undertake structural reforms, enhance revenue generation, and address issues like corruption and over-dependence on agriculture. An economy inclusive for all that benefits every citizen.
The Importance of Good Governance:
Good governance also encompasses a speedy decision-making system crucial for economic management. Also, Improving transparency, accountability, and the rule of law is important. Citizens must trust that their government is working for their benefit and not for the enrichment of a select few.
Investing in Human Capital:
Education and skill development are investments in human capital. A well-educated and skilled workforce can attract investment and drive economic development.
Infrastructure Development:
Efficient infrastructure, including energy, transportation, and communication, is the backbone of economic growth. Strategic investments in infrastructure can boost trade and connectivity, attract investors, and facilitate economic expansion.
Balancing CPEC:
Pakistan’s relationship with China and the CPEC initiative should be managed carefully. While the project offers substantial benefits, it should not lead to unsustainable debt or compromise the nation’s sovereignty.
Collaboration and International Support:
Pakistan can seek collaboration and technical support from international partners, including financial institutions and friendly countries, to help manage its economic challenges.
The road ahead of economic overhauling for Pakistan is undoubtedly challenging, but it’s not insurmountable. With the right strategies, dedication, and international cooperation, Pakistan can work towards a stable, self-reliant economy that benefits its citizens.
Potential Solutions: What Can Pakistan Do?
To break the cycle of IMF assistance, Pakistan needs to undertake structural reforms and enhance the tax-to-GDP ratio. Addressing corruption and over-dependence on agriculture can minimize the large deficit scenario visible in every economic sector. Here are a few potential solutions:
- Strengthen Governance: Pakistan must prioritize governance reforms to combat corruption. Implementing transparent and accountable financial systems can help regain trust in public institutions.
- Economic Diversification: Many countries worldwide have embarked on a diversification process. Traditional modes of economic activities are rapidly changing. Pakistan must seek new models for diversifying its traditional sectors and promoting the manufacturing and services sectors.
- Investing in Education: Education could produce long-term economic advantages. Infect is the skilled and learned population that promotes economic well-being in a country. It can improve the country’s human capital, making it more attractive to investors.
- Infrastructure Development: Efficient infrastructure development is key for any development. It can enhance connectivity and trade opportunities, making Pakistan more appealing to foreign investors.
- Energy Sector Reforms: Circular debt is one of Pakistan’s perennial economic issues. A large sum goes to the independent power producers(IPPs) and their repayments. Also, investing in renewable energy sources can improve energy infrastructure.
- Population control: The country’s population has increased multifold compared to its economy, straining its limited economic resources.
Conclusion:
Pakistan’s constant dependency on friendly countries and the IMF is a symptom of economic mismanagement. Infecting a self-reliant economy that shows resilience in the face of economic meltdown and natural calamities is highly desirable for the country’s future. The path forward is a balanced approach that includes good governance, economic diversification, and strategic investments. Pakistan has the potential to overcome its challenges and build a stable, self-reliant economy that benefits its citizens and ensures a prosperous future.
Read Also: Decoding Pakistan’s Civil-Military Relationship and Its Impacts on National
October 27, 2023
Decoding Pakistan’s Civil-Military Relationship and Its Impacts on National Politics.
Pakistan’s civil-military relationship has a checkered history. It is a subject of perennial concern and fascination. In the absence of a clear framework from the beginning, Pakistan has struggled to strike a balance between civilian and military authority. This power struggle has profoundly impacted the nation’s political landscape, shaping its governance, foreign policy, national security policy and socio-economic development. The pendulum of power and authority mostly remains with the military or has never been on the civilian side. The imbalance that manifests in various forms in shaps needs to be resolved. Somewhere at some point, the process of transitioning power to civilians must be started so that it passes through evolution and reaches its maturity at the civilian dispensation level.
Origins of the Civil-Military Nexus
The roots of Pakistan’s civil-military nexus can be traced back to the early years of the country’s existence. Democracy, from the early days, found itself in nose-tightening circumstances with hurdles everywhere. The fledgling democratic system saw terrible days under the military leadership of General Ayub Khan, who assumed a dominant role in the 1950s.
Role of the Military in Early Pakistan
In the formative years, the military’s intervention in politics became a recurring theme. Often, diverging narratives were smeared to mislead the public opinions in their[military] fever. This period saw the country oscillating between civilian rule and military coups, setting the ground for decades of political instability.
Democracy vs. Military Rule
Cycles of Military Takeovers
Pakistan has witnessed numerous military coups, with leaders like General Ayub, Zia-ul-Haq, and Pervez Musharraf seizing power for almost 30-plus years. These cycles of military rule have often led to the suppression and strangulation of democratic institutions. The trust deficit rolling from the early years till this day. The military takeover has birthed numerous future challenges for the democratic dispensation in Pakistan.
Democratic Movements and Setbacks
Despite the military’s interference, Pakistan has seen numerous pro-democracy movements, notably MRD[movement for the restoration of democracy], the lawyers’ movement in 2007 led by deposed Chief Justice Chaudhry Iftikhar. These movements highlighted the public’s yearning for civilian governance but often faced setbacks. Such movements lost their shine quickly and never transformed into long-term institutional norms and practices.
Pakistan lawyers movement 2007
Impact on Governance
Policies and Decision-Making
The military’s influence has extended to policymaking, particularly in national security and foreign relations. This has sometimes led to policies prioritising military interests over civilian concerns; because of the conflict of interests, the military in Pakistan supported loyal politicians to the power corridor to serve them with the benefits.
Development Initiatives
The military has played a significant role in infrastructure development, with military-owned organizations such as FWO[frontier work organization] and NLC [national logistics corporation]. While these initiatives promote development, they also raise questions about transparency and civilian oversight. In the longer term militarys professionalism also get hurt of its primary task of defending and combating the threats lines.
Civil-Military Relations in the 21st Century
Post-Musharraf Era
The post-Musharraf era brought a glimmer of hope for civilian rule, with democratic governments taking the helm. The charter of democracy was signed by leaders of the two big political parties, Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz[PLMN] and Pakistan Peoples Party [PPP]. The parties agreed to certain fundamental principles essential for processing democracy.However, the military has continued to exert influence behind the scenes.
Former president of Pakistan Gen Pervez Musharraf
The Dawn of Democratic Norms
In recent years, there has been a notable shift toward democratic norms, with a peaceful transition of power from one elected government to another. This signals progress but also underscores the ongoing challenge of striking a balance.
Consequences for National Politics
Influence on Foreign Policy
Its military establishment often influences Pakistan’s foreign policy decisions. This influence can impact international relations and alliances. Around the world, in democratic countries, civilian institutions such as parliament take the lead in devising policy decisions on all important national and international issues.
Role in National Security
The military plays a pivotal role in ensuring national security. While essential, this role also raises concerns about the extent of military influence in civilian matters.
Economic Implications
Civil-military dynamics can affect economic stability and growth. Ensuring economic decision-making remains civilian-led is crucial for long-term prosperity.
Public Opinion and Perception
Media Influence
The media’s role in shaping public perception of the civil-military relationship cannot be understated. It often serves as a critical influencer of public sentiment. Independent and empowered media outlets can only ensure a generation mature with democratic norms.
Shaping Public Sentiment
The portrayal of civil-military relations in the media profoundly impacts public opinion. This, in turn, can influence political movements and elections.
The Way Forward
Strengthening Civilian Rule
To ensure a stable and democratic Pakistan, strengthening civilian institutions and reducing military intervention is imperative.
Achieving Stability
Balancing the roles of the military and civilian government is crucial for achieving political stability and national progress.
Conclusion
The civil-military relationship in Pakistan has been a defining feature in the nation’s political landscape. While there has been progress towards democratic norms, it remains a complex and evolving issue. It required a broader consensus among political and military establishment elites to chalk out the way possible. The system needs to establish the supremacy of the Constitution and the rule of law.
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Unravelling Pakistan’s Political Psychology: From Conflict to Hope.
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October 25, 2023
Pakistan’s Quest for a Hybrid Governance Model: Consequences For Fledgling Democracy.
Pakistan finds itself at a crossroads in the ever-evolving landscape of global governance. With every experiment, from direct military rule to transforming into a presidential form of government and the recent hybrid governance model, the country still lacks a gross root skeleton of governance. The nation has grappled with a unique challenge – effectively balancing civilian and military authorities within its political framework. This article explores the concept of a hybrid governance model for Pakistan, examining its potential benefits and the hurdles it must overcome.
What is Hybrid Governance?
Definition
Hybrid governance is a political model combining civilian and military authority elements in a nation’s governance structure. It’s common in countries where the military holds significant power or influence.
Historical Context
One must delve into the historical context to understand Pakistan’s quest for a hybrid governance model. Pakistan has experienced periods of military rule alongside civilian governments since its inception in 1947.
Pakistan’s Political Landscape
Brief Overview
Pakistan is a vibrant democracy with a history of intermittent military rule. Its political landscape is marked by a complex interplay of civilian and military authorities, often resulting in power struggles and political instability.
The Need for a Hybrid Governance Model
Challenges in Pakistan’s Governance
Pakistan’s conventional governance has often been marred by political instability, corruption, and inefficiency, which has fueled the need for a hybrid model.
Benefits of a Hybrid Model
A hybrid governance model could bring stability, efficiency, and better decision-making to Pakistan’s political sphere. It could leverage the strengths of both civilian and military institutions.
Elements of a Hybrid Governance Model
We must explore its key elements to understand how this model could work for Pakistan.
Integration of Civilian and Military Authorities
One crucial element of hybrid governance is the integration of civilian and military authorities. This means both entities must work together for the common good, with defined roles and responsibilities.
Role of the Judiciary
An independent and robust judiciary is vital in a hybrid governance model. It ensures accountability and safeguards the rule of law.
Accountability Mechanisms
Effective accountability mechanisms are vital. In a hybrid model, a balance must be struck between oversight and freedom of action for both civilian and military authorities.
Public Opinion and Challenges
Political Opposition
It’s no secret that introducing substantial political changes can meet resistance from opposition parties. They might perceive the hybrid model as a threat to their interests. A multi-party consensus and effective communication among all political stakeholders will be crucial to address this.
International Observers
The international community will closely watch Pakistan’s journey towards a hybrid governance model. Engaging with international observers, seeking their advice, and addressing their concerns will help enhance Pakistan’s global reputation and credibility.
Monitoring and Evaluation
Regular monitoring and evaluation of the model’s effectiveness are essential. This includes assessing how the integration of civilian and military authorities works, ensuring accountability mechanisms function, and gauging public satisfaction with the new model. Any necessary adjustments should be made promptly.
Acceptance of the Model
Public opinion plays a significant role in adopting a hybrid governance model. The government must engage with the public and gain their trust.
Potential Hurdles
For the model to succeed, it must address challenges such as resistance from vested interests, political opposition, and bureaucracy.
The Path Ahead: Challenges and Possibilities
As Pakistan contemplates transitioning towards a hybrid governance model, several important aspects must be considered.
Adopting a hybrid governance model in Pakistan is a complicated and sensitive endeavor, but it has the potential to positively develop the nation’s political landscape. Integrating civilian and military authorities, an independent judiciary, and robust accountability mechanisms could prove immensely fruitful.
However, Pakistan’s journey towards this model has its share of challenges. The public’s acceptance of the model, political opposition, and bureaucratic hurdles pose significant obstacles. Building trust and consensus among various stakeholders is crucial.
Political Opposition
It’s no secret that introducing substantial political changes can meet resistance from opposition parties. They might perceive the hybrid model as a threat to their interests. A multi-party consensus and effective communication among all political stakeholders will be crucial to address this.
Bureaucratic Hurdle
The bureaucracy is Pakistan’s most muscular arm. It plays a significant role in promoting progress in the country. Therefore, Transitioning to a hybrid model will require streamlining and modernizing government processes. Reforming the bureaucracy can enhance efficiency and responsiveness.
https://thefridaytimes.com/
International Observers
The international community will closely watch Pakistan’s journey towards a hybrid governance model. Engaging with international observers, seeking their advice, and addressing their concerns will help enhance Pakistan’s global reputation and credibility.
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Monitoring and Evaluation
Regular monitoring and evaluation of the model’s effectiveness are essential. This includes assessing how the integration of civilian and military authorities works, ensuring accountability mechanisms function, and gauging public satisfaction with the new model. Any necessary adjustments should be made promptly.
Protecting Democratic Values
While hybrid governance models can bring stability and efficiency, it’s vital to protect democratic values and civil liberties. Ensuring that fundamental freedoms and human rights are preserved is non-negotiable.
Conclusion
Pakistan’s enduers for a hybrid governance model are driven by the need for a more viable, efficient, and accountable political system. If, on the one, it presents numerous opportunities, there are also significant challenges to overcome. The model’s success hugely depends on the broader consensus of the elites. Its challenges are multiple, but the potential benefits are equally significant. Balancing civilian and military authority within a more transparent and accountable system is a path that holds the promise of a more stable and prosperous Pakistan.
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October 25, 2023
Unravelling Pakistan’s Political Psychology: From Conflict to Hope.
Violence is a common human phenomenon. However, politics, particularly in the underdeveloped world, exacerbates it in various ways and manifestations. Political violence, in Pakistan’s case, is a recurring feature of its day-to-day national political affairs. Politics and violence remain compelling subjects in Pakistan, which is filled with diverse political landscapes. This article explores the profound political psychology of violence within Pakistan, shedding light on the historical context, contributing factors, psychological underpinnings, case studies, societal impact, political strategies, media influence, and prospects for peace and stability.
Understanding Pakistan’s Political Landscape
To comprehend Pakistan’s political psychology of violence, it’s crucial to grasp its political landscape. With its unique history, Pakistan is often marked by turbulence and conflict. Political tension remains heightened by various political and nonpolitical factors. The significance of understanding this landscape cannot be overstated.
Historical Context of Violence
The roots of political violence in Pakistan can be traced back to the partition of British India in 1947.r The event of separation of two communities was never a peaceful process, resulting in mass violence and communal uprisings against each other. Thus, partition brought forth a torrent of communal violence, setting the stage for future conflicts.
Heterogeneity within
Political violence in non-homogenous states remains higher than in those that enjoy homogeneity. Ethnic conflicts remain a common characteristic in all these countries, which are composed of different national identities and ethnicities.
Military Rule and its Impact
Pakistan’s history has seen periods of military rule, which has impacted the country’s political psychology. Over the years, political engineering by the military establishment has stalled the system. The power struggle between civilian and military institutions has often resulted in political instability.
Factors Contributing to Political Violence
Ethnic and Religious Divides
Pakistan’s diverse population is divided along ethnic and religious lines, creating fertile ground for political violence. Conflicts between various groups have been a recurring issue.
Unravelling Pakistan’s Political Psychology: From Conflict to Hope. 31
Socioeconomic Disparities
Socioeconomic disparities in Pakistan have led to discontent among the masses, making them susceptible to extremist ideologies and political manipulation. In megacities such as Karachi and Lahore, tension among muhajir-Pashtoon and local Urdu speakers -Baluch is common.
Influence of Extremist Groups
Historically, misuse of religion and the adoption of erroneous nationalistic narratives asymmetrically empower certain religious and nationalist groups in Pakistan. Extremist groups have found refuge, contributing to violence and instability. Their actions have far-reaching consequences.
Psychological Underpinnings
Group Psychology and Identity
Group psychology plays a pivotal role in Pakistan’s political violence. The identity of being part of a particular group often leads to polarization and conflict. Mob lynching and mass injustice over certain religious beliefs are on the rise, tarnishing Pakistan’s image outside of respecting minorities’ rights, etc.
Role of Fear and Intimidation
Fear and intimidation are used to manipulate the masses and achieve political objectives. These tactics have deep psychological effects on the population and settle pathways to achieving a particular political-social objective.
Unravelling Pakistan’s Political Psychology: From Conflict to Hope. 32
Political Manipulation
Political leaders often manipulate the masses through various means, exacerbating divisions and fueling violence for personal gain.
Case Studies of Violent Episodes
Karachi Violence
The city of Karachi has been a hotspot for political violence driven by political, ethnic, and economic factors.
Balochistan Conflict
The Balochistan region has witnessed a prolonged conflict rooted in demands for greater autonomy and resource control. Deprivation and negligence towards the Baluch population of its fundamental rights and rights over their natural resources have led to the spreading of confrontation by various means on a larger scale.
Terrorism and Extremism
Terrorism and extremism have plagued Pakistan, resulting in both national and international consequences.
Impact on Society
The extensive violence in Pakistan has left scars on its society. The trauma and psychological impact have eroded the trust of the population in institutions. Unfortunately, violence seems to be a single option for changing any social-political norm.
Political Strategies to Mitigate Violence
To address the issue of political violence, strategies such as conflict resolution, inclusive Understanding of the historical context, the factors contributing to violence, psychological underpinnings, case studies, societal impact, political strategies, the role of international players, media’s influence, and the prospects for peace and stability are crucial.
The Role of International Players
International players, driven by geostrategic interests, often have a role in Pakistan’s political landscape. Aid and diplomacy can influence the course of events.
Media’s Influence on Political Psychology
The media plays a significant role in shaping public opinion and, through its reporting and editorial choices, can either exacerbate or mitigate political violence.
Media’s Influence on Political Psychology
The media in Pakistan has a powerful influence on the political psychology of violence. How news is reported, and stories are framed can significantly impact public perceptions and reactions. Here are some key aspects of the media’s role:
Propaganda and Sensationalism
The media can be used as a tool for propaganda, with certain groups or political entities spreading their narratives to manipulate public opinion. Sensationalism, where stories are exaggerated or dramatized for higher viewership or readership, can contribute to heightened tensions.
Shaping Public Opinion
Media outlets can shape public opinion by choosing what to highlight and how to present information. This can either contribute to understanding and reconciliation or further divide society.
Grassroots Movements for Peace
Civil society, non-governmental organizations, and individuals actively promote peace and reconciliation. Grassroots movements and community-based initiatives are making positive contributions to reduce violence.
International Support
International organizations and countries actively engage in diplomatic efforts to promote peace and stability in Pakistan. Aid, partnerships, and mediation efforts can play a significant role in mitigating conflicts.
Hope for a Better Future
The younger generation in Pakistan is increasingly vocal about their desire for a more peaceful and stable nation. They advocate for change, demand inclusivity, and reject violence to achieve political objectives.
Conclusion
Unravelling Pakistan’s Political Psychology: From Conflict to Hope. 33
In conclusion, Pakistan’s journey through political psychology and violence is a tale of challenges, conflicts, and resilience. Understanding the historical context, the factors contributing to violence, psychological underpinnings, case studies, societal impact, political strategies, the role of international players, media influence, and the prospects for peace and stability is crucial to addressing this complex issue.
While Pakistan has faced turmoil and discord, there is a glimmer of hope. The desire for peace and stability resonates deeply with the nation’s people—grassroots movements based on the principles of non-violence and mobilize mass support for building peace. International support and the unwavering commitment of the younger generation are all avenues for positive change. It is the cry of the hour, particularly for the political leadership to understand the urgency and recognize that a more peaceful and stable nation is not just a dream but a shared responsibility.
As Pakistan continues its journey, the resilience and aspirations of its people offer a ray of hope, pointing toward a future where political psychology is defined not by violence but by unity, inclusivity, and progress.
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October 23, 2023
Will Pakistan’s IMF deal save the country’s economy?
It may help Pakistan’s economy but not improve the government’s popularity.
On Wednesday, the International Monetary Fund’s( IMF ) board of directors approved a $3 billion bailout program for Pakistan, which includes an immediate disbursement of approximately $1.2 billion to help stabilize the South Asian country’s economy.
Last month, Pakistan and the fund reached a staff-level agreement, securing a short-term deal with more funding than expected for the country of 230 million people facing an acute balance of payments crisis.
The bailout had been on hold since December when the IMF refused to release a critical $1.1 billion portion of the loan due to the country’s failure to comply with a 2019 agreement signed by the IMF and former Prime Minister Imran Khan.
The funds were released amid long-held fears that the country would default, providing much-needed relief to the incumbent government.
However, the agreement with the international lender imposes stringent spending and structural reforms, likely exacerbating economic hardship for many ordinary people.
Here’s what you should know:
Why was an IMF bailout required?
Pakistan’s economy has been in shambles, plagued by a balance-of-payments crisis as it attempted to service massive amounts of external debt and crushing inflation.
Before the bailout, the country’s foreign reserves were hovering around $4 billion, enough to cover a month’s worth of imports, thoughIMF prohibited some imports to save money.
Analysts estimate that the country will require at least $20 billion in the next two years to repay foreign loans with interest.
Earlier this year, the Pakistani rupee plummeted to a record low against the US dollar after an exchange cap was lifted as the cash-strapped country sought to access a vital IMF bailout.
According to Lahore-based economist Ali Khizr, “the currency and inflation could have gone out of control” had the government and IMF not reached this agreement.
“A lack of foreign exchange could have resulted in severe shortages of fuel, food, medicine, and other necessities.” Things will improve now, as the currency stabilizes and inflation gradually falls in the short to medium term,” Khizr predicted.
Moody’s downgraded Pakistan’s sovereign credit rating by two notches to ‘Caa3’ in February, citing the country’s increasingly fragile liquidity as “significantly raising default risks.” According to the Express Tribune, over 750,000 people will leave Pakistan in 2022, a threefold increase from the previous year.
What does the IMF want?
Since the IMF’s mission arrived in Pakistan in February, Islamabad has taken several steps, including revising its 2023-24 budget and raising its policy rate to 22 percent recently.
To meet the IMF’s fiscal adjustments, Pakistan was also required to raise more than 385 billion Pakistani rupees ($1.34 billion) in new taxes. According to the IMF, the central bank should remain proactive to reduce inflation and maintain a foreign exchange framework.
The adjustments have already contributed to an all-time high year-on-year inflation rate of 38 percent in May, the highest in Asia.
Meanwhile, the IMF talks have focused on energy reforms, which have accumulated nearly 3.6 trillion Pakistani rupees ($12.58 billion) in debt.
The IMF said it would like Pakistan to stick to its policies to overcome challenges, “particularly in the energy sector,” where it expects electricity prices to rise.
What was the reaction?
According to Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, the agreement is a “significant step forward” in his coalition government’s efforts to stabilize the economy and achieve macroeconomic stability.
“It strengthens Pakistan’s economic position to meet short- to medium-term economic challenges,” he said. Ishaq Dar, the country’s Finance Minister, stated that things were “moving in the right direction.”
Analysts believe that the IMF bailout will benefit Pakistan because it will encourage other international financial institutions to assist Islamabad in overcoming economic challenges.
The IMF loan was approved just one day after Saudi Arabia deposited $2 billion in Pakistan’s central bank. According to finance minister Dar, the UAE also deposited $1 billion into the central bank on Wednesday.
Pakistan’s sovereign dollar bonds rose on Thursday due to the IMF agreement.
What effect will the bailout have on the upcoming elections?
While the IMF bailout gives the country some breathing room to address its economic problems, it is still being determined whether the announcement will help Sharif and his PML-N party in the polls.
“This [bailout] will assist the government in regaining popularity lost due to high inflation and negative growth in the previous year.” This is good news for the government, according to economist Khizr.
“However, their popularity will remain low due to poor economic management and the erosion of purchasing power,” he added.
Since former Prime Minister Khan was deposed in an April 2022 vote of no confidence led by the Pakistan Democratic Movement (PDM) – a ruling coalition of more than a dozen parties, including Sharif’s PML-N – the country’s political crisis has worsened.
According to a March poll conducted by the polling firm Gallup, 62 percent of Pakistanis blame the PDM for the country’s economic woes.
Meanwhile, 61 percent of the 2,000 respondents approved of Khan, who has also won a majority of national and provincial by-elections held in the last year, cementing his popularity in the country.
However, Khan’s political future appears to be in jeopardy following the violent protests that erupted following his brief arrest on May 9, including attacks on military installations. Thousands of people have been detained, many without formal charges, and military courts have been established to try the alleged perpetrators.
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July 14, 2023
Pakistan torn apart by polarized politics
Nation’s Economy on the Brink as Terrorist Attacks Increase and Inflation Soars, Leaving Millions Struggling to Recover from Devastating Floods and Feed Their Families Amidst Political Polarisation.
Power Struggle Erupts Over Pakistan’s Leadership As the nation continues to face hardship, a fierce battle for control has erupted among political figures and institutions vying for the leadership of Pakistan.
Pakistan remains at a standstill in its quest to answer a pressing question, despite the countless hours of air time, fervent ultimatums, and tense street stand-offs that have taken place over the past year.
According to Michael Kugelman, the director of the South Asia Institute at the Wilson Center, the current situation is unprecedented due to other serious crises.
Pakistan Cannot Afford to Dismiss Political Crisis as a Distraction, Says Expert
Pakistan’s Economy Struggles Foreign reserves, responsible for financing imports such as fuel, have dropped to some of the lowest levels in decades. $1.1bn in crucial funds remains locked as meetings with the International Monetary Fund earlier this year have failed to yield a deal.
Militants persist in launching attacks, frequently focusing on security forces. Pakistan’s armed forces have reported a total of 436 terrorist attacks thus far in 2023. Militant Groups Regularly Release Infographics Showing Their Kill and Seize Count Across the Country
Pakistan Faces Tough Questions as Food Inflation Continues to Rise and Flood Recovery Efforts Persist
According to political analyst Mehmal Sarfraz, the entire system faces increased difficulty due to political uncertainty. Pakistan’s System Collapsing, Reports Say. Possible newspaper rewrites: In the event of such an outcome, no one stands to gain – neither the political factions nor the citizens of Pakistan.
Politics Deadlocked: An Analysis of the Current Situation
Imran Khan’s removal from the prime minister’s post in April 2022 through a vote of no confidence has been identified by analysts as the trigger for the current situation.
According to Mr. Kugelman, Khan declined to accept it. Government Takes Notice of Khan’s Activism and Agitation
Mr. Khan’s response included a string of rallies nationwide and a lengthy march towards Islamabad’s capital.
Over 100 court cases have been filed against him, according to his Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) party. The charges against him include terrorism, corruption, and contempt of court. Former Prime Minister Makes “Law of the Jungle” Accusation Against Government as Part of Campaign
Mr. Khan Accused of Ego and Narcissism by Government Ministers
Islamabad Police Make Two Attempts to Arrest Lahore Resident for Court No-Show
The government was dragged to court by Mr. Khan. Party Dissolves Two Provincial Assemblies in Attempt to Trigger National Election. Supreme Court is still considering an appeal after the initial failure.
Ongoing court battles divide the judiciary. Government Accuses Judges of Bias in Favor of Imran Khan, Raising Fears of Constitutional Crisis
“Khan Won’t Let Government Rest,” Claims Political Analyst and Founder President at Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development And Transparency Government’s Sole Focus is Self-Preservation
According to Mr. Bilal, the stand-off is linked to Mr. Khan’s personality.
Mr. Bilal says, “He is not prepared to make a sincere compromise.” Critics suggest that Mr. Khan’s failure to achieve this could be detrimental to his success in the future. One individual argues that it is counterproductive.
Pakistan’s institutions are under scrutiny as deadlock persists, say some. No Mediating Group was Found. “Ms. Sarfraz claims that the establishment lacks credibility,” reports state.
Pakistan’s military and intelligence services are called “the establishment.” Military coups and behind-the-scenes maneuvering have made the army a significant political player.
Analysts speculate that the military played a role in Mr. Khan’s 2018 election victory. One of the most vocal critics of the opposition, he is now in it, and according to analysts, the army’s popularity has decreased.
According to Mr. Kugelman, there are evident signs of disagreement within the army regarding the appropriate course of action.
Senior Army Officials Prefer Khan to Stay Out of Politics, While Lower Ranks Show Support Khan’s Polarizing Impact on Politics, Public, and Army
What’s Next?
Upcoming General Elections at Risk of Delay Due to Insufficient Funds and Security Concerns “Bilal warns of potential damage,” says the source.
Possible newspaper rewrite Concerns raised over potential damage to Pakistan’s democratic process. A recent development has sparked fears that the democratic process in Pakistan could suffer irreparable harm. Some observers warn that the consequences could be unfortunate if the situation is not addressed promptly. “I think it would be very unfortunate and will probably damage the democratic process in Pakistan, maybe in an unrepairable manner,” said a concerned citizen who preferred to remain anonymous. The nature of the development was not specified, but sources suggest that it may be related to recent political events or decisions. The potential impact on Pakistan’s stability and governance has yet to be fully assessed. Experts urge the authorities to take action to prevent further damage to the democratic process and restore public trust in the system. Local and international observers are closely monitoring the situation. Elections Postponed? Unprecedented, Say Citizens.
Government officials and representatives from Mr. Khan’s PTI party have discussed the upcoming elections. National and Provincial Elections’ Synchronization Still Uncertain Despite a widespread consensus that national and provincial elections should be held simultaneously, the timing of such an event remains a point of contention.
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