Author: Asad Ijaz

NetworkUstad's lead networking architect with CCIE certification. Specializes in CCNA exam preparation and enterprise network design. Authored 2,800+ technical guides on Cisco systems, BGP routing, and network security protocols since 2018. Picture this: I'm not just someone who writes about tech; I'm a certified expert in the field. I proudly hold the titles of Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP) and Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA). So, when I talk about networking, I'm not just whistling in the dark; I know my stuff! My website is like a treasure trove of knowledge. You'll find a plethora of articles and tutorials covering a wide range of topics related to networking and cybersecurity. It's not just a website; it's a learning hub for anyone who's eager to dive into the world of bits, bytes, and secure connections. And here's a fun fact: I'm not a lone wolf in this journey. I'm a proud member and Editor of Team NetworkUstad. Together, we're on a mission to empower people with the knowledge they need to navigate the digital landscape safely and effectively. So, if you're ready to embark on a tech-savvy adventure, stick around with me, Asad Ijaz Khattak. We're going to unravel the mysteries of technology, one article at a time!"

Colorful gear diagram of special-purpose IP addresses over a world map, highlighting loopback, link-local, and test-net ranges.
CCNA April 19, 2025

Special-Purpose IP Addresses – IPv4 and IPv6 (Updated April 2025)

IP addresses are the backbone of network communication, but not all IP addresses are created equal. Some are reserved for special purposes, serving unique roles in networking, from local testing to private networks and multicast applications. As of April 2025, with IPv6 adoption surpassing 70% of global internet traffic (per industry estimates), understanding both IPv4...
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Classful vs. Classless IP Addressing
CCNA April 19, 2025

Classful vs. Classless IP Addressing: A Deep Dive into Networking Evolution

IP addressing is the backbone of modern networking, enabling devices to communicate across local networks and the internet. Every device—whether a smartphone, server, or IoT sensor—requires a unique IP address to send and receive data. However, the original IP addressing system (classful addressing) struggled to scale with the internet’s explosive growth. This led to inefficiencies...
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April 18, 2025

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< دل کی گلیاں >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

لاہور کی سڑکیں لاہور، وہ شہر جو اپنی تنگ گلیوں، پرانے بازاروں اور چائے کے ڈھابوں میں دھڑکتا ہے۔ یہ شہر محبتوں، خوابوں اور چھوٹی چھوٹی کہانیوں کا گڑھ ہے۔ انہی گلیوں میں رہتی تھی عائشہ، ایک ایسی لڑکی جس کا دل شاعری سے بھرا تھا اور خواب ایک بڑی مصنفہ بننے کے۔ عائشہ کی...
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Business April 16, 2025

Tiny Treasures & Big Moments: Parenting Lessons in Snuggles, Play, and Timeless Keepsakes

Motherhood is a tapestry woven with threads of laughter, challenges, and countless tiny moments that somehow turn into lifelong memories. As I navigate the whirlwind of raising my son, Milo, I’ve discovered that parenting isn’t about perfection—it’s about presence, patience, and finding joy in the ordinary. Today, I’m sharing my thoughts on fostering resilience, nurturing...
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Construction April 15, 2025

How may construction management tools improve quality control? 

High-quality construction projects call for meticulous planning, monitoring, and management at every level. Tools for construction management offer the necessary means to monitor project development, spot problems, and preserve quality control. These instruments simplify industrial standards compliance, automation of inspections, and communication. Advanced software allows construction managers to find issues early on and make required...
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CCNA April 13, 2025

IPv6 Address Types Explained: Unicast, Multicast, Anycast Guide for 2025

What are the IPv6 address types? This is the main topic of our comprehensive guide. My previous articles discussed IPv4 address classes, classless and classful addressing schemes, and special-purpose IP addresses. We have also learned about unicasting, multicasting, and broadcasting in IPv4 addresses. Similarly, IPv6 addresses also contain different types, such as unicast addresses, multicast...
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A close-up of an Apple Watch submerged underwater, highlighting its waterproof design and durability.
April 10, 2025

Apple Watch Waterproof Wonders: Testing the Limits

The Apple Watch has become synonymous with smart technology that seamlessly blends style and functionality. Its water resistance is one of its standout features, designed to enable users to engage in water-based activities with confidence. But it is crucial to note that the watch is not completely waterproof, although it has been engineered to resist...
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A visual comparison of IPv6 address formats, showcasing preferred and compressed representations for efficient networking.
CCNA April 10, 2025

IPv6 Address Representation – An Exclusive Explanation

IPv6 addresses are 128 bits and represented as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits each, each group representing 16 bits. The address can be written in both lowercase and uppercase. The preferred format for writing an IPv6 address is x: x: x: x: x: x: x: x, where each “x” is a group of four hexadecimal...
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Newly built brick home in Melbourne with exposed PVC plumbing pipes during construction.
Business April 9, 2025

Plumbing for New Homes in Melbourne

Building a new home is an intricate process that involves a myriad of decisions. One of the most crucial components to get right from the start is the plumbing. The quality and durability of the plumbing infrastructure can have a significant impact on the daily lives of homeowners. Plumbing in new homes requires careful planning,...
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