osi reference model
CCNA
Comparison between TCP/IP and OSI Model
Comparison between TCP/IP and OSI models is critical because protocols that make up the TCP IP protocol suite can also be described in terms of the OSI reference model. The network access layer and application layer of the TCP IP models are further divided, and the OSI model describes discrete functions that must occur at...
CCNA
OSI Model, including its 7 Layer Introduction
As the importance of computers grows, vendors recognize the need for networking with them. They produced a variety of protocols whose specifications were not made public. Hence, each vendor had different ways of networking computers, and these ways were not compatible with each other. This means that the computers of one vendor could not be...