Summary

• ICT refers to all the communication technologies that include computer, software, data communication, computer networks, Internet, cell phones, etc.
• History of computers can be divided into five generations based on the technology used. Vacuum tubes, transistors, IC chips and microprocessors were used in the first, second, third and fourth generation of computers, respectively. Fifth generation of computers is based on Artificial Intelligence (AI).
• ICT devices are used in our daily life. Some important applications of ICT include application in communication, measurement, industry and business.
• Computer system consists of two components, hardware and software. Hardware refers to physical parts of computer such as keyboard, mouse, CPU, hard disk, etc. Software refers to computer programs such as Microsoft Windows, Word, 3D Paint, etc.
• Input devices are used to enter data and instructions into the computer. Some commonly used input devices are keyboard, mouse, microphone and scanner.
• Output devices are used to show the results of data processing. Some commonly used output devices are display screen, printer and speaker.
• Computer memory is divided into RAM and ROM. RAM temporarily stores data and programs that are being used by the computer. ROM permanently stores programs that start the computer and controls the input/output operations.
• Storage devices such as hard disk, flash drive and memory cards are used to permanently store data and programs. These devices have large storage capacity.