Day: June 2, 2019

Diagram illustrating framing in the data link layer, showing different types of frames used in network communication
CCNA June 2, 2019

Framing in Data Link Layer – Exclusive Explanation (Updated 2025)

Data-link layer framing is a critical process in networking, enabling reliable data transmission across diverse media. The data-link layer takes packets from the Network Layer and encapsulates them into frames, the fundamental data units for network communication. If the frame size becomes too large, the packet may be divided into smaller frames to ensure efficient...
Asad Ijaz Read More
Feature image for an article titled 'CARRIER SENSE MULTIPLE ACCESS (CSMA)' with a colorful patchwork border and the NetworkUstad logo in the bottom right corner.
CCNA June 2, 2019

Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA): Explained for 2025

Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) is a network protocol that listens for a carrier signal before transmitting data, reducing collisions on shared transmission media like Ethernet and Wi-Fi networks. By checking the state of the medium before sending, CSMA ensures efficient data transmission in networks with multiple devices. As part of the Media Access Control...
Asad Ijaz Read More
Forum