Author: Asad Ijaz

NetworkUstad's lead networking architect with CCIE certification. Specializes in CCNA exam preparation and enterprise network design. Authored 2,800+ technical guides on Cisco systems, BGP routing, and network security protocols since 2018. Picture this: I'm not just someone who writes about tech; I'm a certified expert in the field. I proudly hold the titles of Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP) and Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA). So, when I talk about networking, I'm not just whistling in the dark; I know my stuff! My website is like a treasure trove of knowledge. You'll find a plethora of articles and tutorials covering a wide range of topics related to networking and cybersecurity. It's not just a website; it's a learning hub for anyone who's eager to dive into the world of bits, bytes, and secure connections. And here's a fun fact: I'm not a lone wolf in this journey. I'm a proud member and Editor of Team NetworkUstad. Together, we're on a mission to empower people with the knowledge they need to navigate the digital landscape safely and effectively. So, if you're ready to embark on a tech-savvy adventure, stick around with me, Asad Ijaz Khattak. We're going to unravel the mysteries of technology, one article at a time!"
CCNA February 13, 2020

What is SONET?

SONET stands for Synchronous Optical Networking. It is a protocol for transmitting a huge volume of data over long distances using a fiber optic medium. Synchronous Optical Networking was primarily developed in 1984 and then standardized by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1988. Using synchronous optical networking, multiple digital data streams are transferred […]
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A laptop connected to multiple network cables on a world map background, next to text ‘Switching It Up: Circuit vs Packet’
CCNA February 12, 2020

Circuit Switched vs Packet Switched

WAN devices discussed in the previous article are incomplete because other devices may be needed, depending on the chosen WAN access technology. WAN access technologies are either circuit-switched or packet-switched. Circuit Switched In a circuit-switched network, communications between end devices must be established before they can communicate. A circuit-switched network establishes a dedicated circuit (or […]
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WAN Devices
CCNA February 8, 2020

WAN Devices

There are many types of specially designed WAN devices used in networks. These devices require expert skills for configuring and management. The important WAN devices are: Dialup modem Dialup Modems allow digital data to be sent over an analogue medium during the transmission and receiving of information. The dial-up modem is a legacy WAN technology. […]
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Infographic explaining What is a WAN? with icons of connected homes and buildings via cloud, plus a table comparing WAN vs. LAN differences in scope, ownership, speed, cost, protocols, and CCNA focus.
CCNA February 6, 2020

Introduction to WAN Technologies

Wide-area networks (WANs) are used to connect different LANs together. They can bridge LANs within a city, country, or global region. For CCNA candidates, understanding WANs is crucial for the 200-301 exam’s Network Fundamentals domain (15-25% weightage). CCNP students dive deeper into scalable WAN designs via ENCOR (20-30% on WAN optimization). Here’s why WANs matter: […]
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CCNA February 3, 2020

Basic EIGRP Troubleshooting Commands – Exclusive Introduction

Due to the importance of EIGRP troubleshooting problems related to this protocol is an important ability for a network administrator. There are numerous commands that are important during EIGRP troubleshooting. The most used command for EIGRP troubleshooting is the “show ip eigrp neighbors”, “show ip route”, and “show ip protocols”. The commands can also be […]
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CCNA February 1, 2020

MD5 Routing Protocol Authentication – Exclusive Explanation

Network security is an important consideration for network administrators. The router install in a public network is at risk each time, anyone with a packet sniffer can read information propagating between routers. The router can be attacked through the interruption of peer devices or the falsifying of routing information. Interruption of peers is less critical […]
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EIGRP Load Balancing
CCNA January 31, 2020

How to Configure EIGRP Load Balancing for IPv4

EIGRP is a Cisco proprietary routing protocol. Router-enabled EIGRP calculates the best route to a destination using the metric value based on the link bandwidth and delay. The protocol selects the shortest path and installs that path in the routing table. If the destination has more than one path with the same administrative distance and […]
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CCNA January 29, 2020

EIGRP Hello Protocol – Exclusive Explanation

Hello Intervals and Hold Times – EIGRP for IPv4 EIGRP uses the Hello protocol to establish and maintain a connection with its neighbor and monitor the established connection. It sends a Hello packet periodically to its neighbor. The rate at which EIGRP sends a Hello Packet is known as the Hello interval. The Hold timer […]
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CCNA January 28, 2020

How to Configure EIGRP Bandwidth

EIGRP Bandwidth for IPv4 EIGRP utilizes 50 % of an interface’s bandwidth for EIGRP information by default. Utilizing a half interface bandwidth not allowing enough bandwidth for the routing of normal traffic and prevents the EIGRP process from over-utilizing a link. We can change to default bandwidth utilization ratio using the command “ip bandwidth-percent eigrp”. […]
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CCNA January 27, 2020

How to Propagate the Default Static Route using EIGRP

The IP address 0.0.0.0/0 is reserved for the default static route. The default route is not routing protocol-dependent; we can use it with any currently supported routing protocol. Usually, the static default route is configured on the edge router, where a network is connected outside the EIGRP routing domain and propagates the default static route […]
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