A table illustrating subnetting examples with a /16 prefix, showing subnet masks, binary values, available networks, and usable hosts on a blue background with the NetworkUstad logo.

Subnetting Example with a /16 prefix – Exclusive How To Guide

In many situations, we require a large number of subnets. For example, the class B network address 130.20.0.0 has a default mask of 255.255.0.0 or /16 Prefix. So, this address has 16 network bits in the network portion and 16 host bits in the host portion, a concept adaptable to IPv6 /64 prefixes as of June 29, 2025. The 16 bits in the host portion are available to borrow for creating subnets.

The table in the figure below highlights all the possible scenarios for subnetting a /16 prefix. The total number of hosts in a network with a/16 prefix is ( 216-2 =65536 ). This is an extensive network. We can subnet this network according to our requirements for better management and performance.

Prefix LengthSubnet MaskSubnet in BinaryAvailable NetworksUsable Hosts per Network
/17255.255.128.011111111.11111111.10000000.00000000
(1 borrowed bit)
2¹ = 22¹⁵ − 2 = 32,766
/18255.255.192.011111111.11111111.11000000.00000000
(2 borrowed bits)
2² = 42¹⁴ − 2 = 16,382
/19255.255.224.011111111.11111111.11100000.00000000
(3 borrowed bits)
2³ = 82¹³ − 2 = 8,190
/20255.255.240.011111111.11111111.11110000.00000000
(4 borrowed bits)
2⁴ = 162¹² − 2 = 4,094
/21255.255.248.011111111.11111111.11111000.00000000
(5 borrowed bits)
2⁵ = 322¹¹ − 2 = 2,046
/22255.255.252.011111111.11111111.11111100.00000000
(6 borrowed bits)
2⁶ = 642¹⁰ − 2 = 1,022
/23255.255.254.011111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
(7 borrowed bits)
2⁷ = 1282⁹ − 2 = 510
/24255.255.255.011111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
(8 borrowed bits)
2⁸ = 2562⁸ − 2 = 254
/25255.255.255.12811111111.11111111.11111111.10000000
(9 borrowed bits)
2⁹ = 5122⁷ − 2 = 126
/26255.255.255.19211111111.11111111.11111111.11000000
(10 borrowed bits)
2¹⁰ = 1,0242⁶ − 2 = 62
/27255.255.255.22411111111.11111111.11111111.11100000
(11 borrowed bits)
2¹¹ = 2,0482⁵ − 2 = 30
/28255.255.255.24011111111.11111111.11111111.11110000
(12 borrowed bits)
2¹² = 4,0962⁴ − 2 = 14
/29255.255.255.24811111111.11111111.11111111.11111000
(13 borrowed bits)
2¹³ = 8,1922³ − 2 = 6

Example: You are a network administrator for a large enterprise that requires 60 sub-networks. Your Public address is 130.20.0.0/16.

Borrowing bits from those mentioned above, the /16 prefix network should start in the third octet, going from left to right. Borrow a single bit one by one until the calculation reaches 60. You can also consult the table in the above figure, which displays the number of subnets and the number of hosts per subnet. We can also create a custom table for 60 subnets. The table below displays the number of subnets that can be made when borrowing bits from the third octet. Notice that the Class B network can borrow up to 14 host bits.

IP Address – 130.20.0.0

Subnet Mask – 255.255.0.0 of /16

Network Bits (N) – 16

Host Bits (H) – 16

Required Sub-networks – 60

For 60 sub-networks, we borrow 6 bits from the third octet for a /22 prefix. VLSM can further adjust sizes (e.g., /24 for smaller sites) within this range as of June 2025. Each network’s prefix will change

from /16 + 6 =/22. The subnet mask will be 255.255.252.0 for each Subnetwork, and with 6 borrowed bits, we can make 64 subnets. For Network ID, we will follow the following procedure. 

There are 6 borrowed bits. These borrowed bits will be arranged according to the network number, as in the following table.

Network NumberBorrowed bits arrangement in the third octetRemarks
000000000The first six digits are the binary of 0
100000100The first six digits are the binary of 1
200001000 The first six digits are the binary of the 2
3.The first six digits are the binary of 50
...
...
5011001000 The first six digits are the binary of the 50
...
...
62The first six digits are the binary of 63 The first six digits are the binary of the 62
6311111100The first six digits are the binary of the 63

These binary patterns determine the address ranges, calculating network IDs (e.g., 130.20.80.0), broadcast IPs (e.g., 130.20.83.255), and usable IP ranges (e.g., 130.20.80.1 – 130.20.83.254) for each subnet. For example, we have required the abovementioned parameters for subnet numbers 20, 40, and 55.

Here’s the extracted subnetting calculation from the image showing multiple subnets based on custom binary patterns:


📌 Subnetting Calculation Summary

🔹 Net-20 (Borrowed Bits Binary: 010100)

  • Network Address:130.20.01010000.00000000 = 130.20.80.0
  • First Usable IP: 130.20.01010000.00000001 = 130.20.80.1
  • Last Usable IP: 130.20.01010011.11111110 = 130.20.83.254
  • Broadcast Address: 130.20.01010011.11111111 = 130.20.83.255
  • Network Prefix: /22
  • (20 → Binary 010100, positioned as the first 6 bits in the third octet)

🔹 Net-30 (Borrowed Bits Binary: 101000)

  • Network Address: 130.20.10100000.00000000 = 130.20.160.0
  • First Usable IP: 130.20.10100000.00000001 = 130.20.160.1
  • Last Usable IP: 130.20.10100011.11111110 = 130.20.163.254
  • Broadcast Address: 130.20.10100011.11111111 = 130.20.163.255
  • Network Prefix: /22
  • (30 → Binary 011110, positioned as the first 6 bits in the third octet)

🔹 Net-55 (Borrowed Bits Binary: 110111)

  • Network Address: 130.20.11011100.00000000 = 130.20.220.0
  • First Usable IP: 130.20.11011100.00000001 = 130.20.220.1
  • Last Usable IP: 130.20.11011111.11111110 = 130.20.223.254
  • Broadcast Address: 130.20.11011111.11111111 = 130.20.223.255
  • Network Prefix: /22
  • (55 → Binary 110111, positioned as the first 6 bits in the third octet)

We can do the same process for all 64 sub-networks. So now we can use 50 sub-networks from the 64 sub-networks

Calculating the Hosts for Subnets

To calculate hosts for each subnet, look at the third and fourth octets. After borrowing 6 bits for the subnet, two host bits remain in the third octet and 8 host bits in the fourth octet, for 10 bits in the host portion. So, apply the host calculation formula. There are only 1026 usable host addresses available for each /22 subnet.

Conclusion

Classless subnetting with extensive borrowing ensures scalability for growing networks and aligns with IPv6 /64 prefixes, future-proofing designs as of June 2025.

FAQs

  • What is a /16 prefix in subnetting?

    A /16 prefix means 16 bits are reserved for the network, providing 65,536 IP addresses. It’s ideal for medium to large networks and can be subdivided using additional bits.

  • How do I calculate subnets for a /16 prefix?

    Borrow bits from the host portion to create subnets, adjusting the subnet mask accordingly. For example, borrowing 2 bits gives 4 subnets with 16,382 hosts each.

  • What are the usable hosts per subnet in a /16 network?

    The number of usable hosts depends on borrowed bits; with 2 bits borrowed, you get 16,382 hosts per subnet after subtracting network and broadcast addresses.

  • Why is subnetting a /16 prefix useful?

    Subnetting a /16 prefix organizes large networks, reduces traffic, and improves security by isolating segments. It also optimizes IP address usage for efficient management.

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Asad Ijaz

NetworkUstad's lead networking architect with CCIE certification. Specializes in CCNA exam preparation and enterprise network design. Authored 2,800+ technical guides on Cisco systems, BGP routing, and network security protocols since 2018. Picture this: I'm not just someone who writes about tech; I'm a certified expert in the field. I proudly hold the titles of Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP) and Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA). So, when I talk about networking, I'm not just whistling in the dark; I know my stuff! My website is like a treasure trove of knowledge. You'll find a plethora of articles and tutorials covering a wide range of topics related to networking and cybersecurity. It's not just a website; it's a learning hub for anyone who's eager to dive into the world of bits, bytes, and secure connections. And here's a fun fact: I'm not a lone wolf in this journey. I'm a proud member and Editor of Team NetworkUstad. Together, we're on a mission to empower people with the knowledge they need to navigate the digital landscape safely and effectively. So, if you're ready to embark on a tech-savvy adventure, stick around with me, Asad Ijaz Khattak. We're going to unravel the mysteries of technology, one article at a time!"