Day: August 18, 2019

Diagram illustrating three Cisco router packet-forwarding mechanisms—Process Switching, Fast Switching, and Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF)—with network flow arrows and interface icons on a clean tech background.
CCNA August 18, 2019

Cisco Router Forwarding Mechanism Briefly Explained

Understanding Cisco Router Forwarding Mechanism is a cornerstone of networking for CCNA and CCNP students. Routers, the backbone of network connectivity, rely on efficient packet-forwarding mechanisms to direct traffic toward its destination. Cisco routers support three primary methods—Process Switching, Fast Switching, and Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF)—each with unique characteristics affecting performance, scalability, and resource usage. […]
Asad Ijaz Read More
CCNA August 18, 2019

What is VLAN Attacks – Brief Explanation

In the previous article, I explained how trunks work. By default, trunk ports can use all VLANs and pass traffic for multiple VLANs across the same physical link between switches. The VLAN simplifies network administration and maintenance. It also improves the performance of the network, but it has some backhaul for hackers which is necessary […]
Asad Ijaz Read More
CCNA August 18, 2019

What are Trunk Links? Common Problem and Troubleshooting

Trunk links are a common problem that mostly occurs due to incorrect configurations. Troubleshooting trunk links problems is a common task in networking. If a problem with a trunk is found and the cause is unknown, first, check the trunks for a native VLAN mismatch. If the native VLAN is correct, then check for trunk […]
Asad Ijaz Read More
CCNA August 18, 2019

Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP) Explained

The Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP) is a Cisco proprietary protocol used to negotiate trunking between Cisco switches. For CCNA and CCNP students, understanding DTP is crucial for configuring and troubleshooting VLAN trunk links in enterprise networks. DTP simplifies the process of establishing trunk connections by automatically negotiating whether a link should operate in trunk or […]
Asad Ijaz Read More
Diagram comparing flat Layer 2 network design with hierarchical switched LAN architecture, featuring VLAN segmentation and optimized traffic flow.
CCNA August 18, 2019

Master SVI and VLAN Addressing Issues (Updated 2025)

Each VLAN in the network requires a unique IP subnet because two devices in the same VLAN with different subnet addresses cannot communicate. This is a common problem during VLAN configuration, and we can solve it by identifying the incorrect IP address configuration and changing the address to the correct one. For example, if you […]
Asad Ijaz Read More
Forum