What is a Next-Hop in Networking?
The next-hop is a routing term uses for the next neighbouring router a data packet can go through. The next hop is along with the series of routers that are connected simultaneously in a network and is the next possible destination for a data packet.
Each router maintains its routing table with a next-hop address, which is calculated based on the routing protocol and its associated metric. The routers are the most important network device among many devices. Because routers manage the information about its surroundings router and their related network and subnetwork.
To maintain information about other routers and networks in its routing table and the lowest metric in the routing table is known as the next-hop or the next optimal router. When a packet passes a router, the hop count increases by one.
For example, if a destination is 10 hops far from the source, the packet has to pass 10 different routers to reach it. also, for every router, the next router connected to it with the best metric will be placed as the next hop in its routing table. Examine the following topology and then examine the routing table in figure 2,3 and 4 there routing tables.
In this example, the below three Figures display the routing tables of Router1, Router2, and Router3. You can see that each router has entries for its directly connected networks and their associated local addresses.
Each router does not know about any network beyond its directly connected interfaces. For example, Router0 does not know networks:
- 172.16.0.0/30 – Network Between Router1 and Router2
- 168.20.0/24 – Local Network for Router1
- 168.30.0/24 – Local Network for Router2
Figure 5 displays a ping result from Router0 to Router1 using IP address 10.10.10.2; you can see that the ping is successful because network 10.0.0.0 is available in the routing table as a directly connected router.
Figure 6 display a ping result from Router0 to IP addresses 172.16.0.2, the IP address of the same Router1, but the result is not successful, and the IP address 192.168.20.1 also the IP address of the same Router but the result is not successful.
This is because Router0 does not have an entry in its routing table for the above networks of Router1. So, Router0 don’t know where to send the ping request, resulting in an unsuccessful ping result.
We can identify the next-hop router by, IP address, Exit Interface and maybe using both. Following are the three types of routing table entries for the next hop of the router.
Next-hop route – We specify only the IP address of the next-hop router in the routing table.
Directly connected static route – We only specify the router exit interface connected to the next-hop router.
Fully specified static route – We specify both the next-hop IP address and exit interface.
