Asad Ijaz
NetworkUstad's lead networking architect with CCIE certification. Specializes in CCNA exam preparation and enterprise network design. Authored 2,800+ technical guides on Cisco systems, BGP routing, and network security protocols since 2018. Picture this: I'm not just someone who writes about tech; I'm a certified expert in the field. I proudly hold the titles of Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP) and Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA). So, when I talk about networking, I'm not just whistling in the dark; I know my stuff! My website is like a treasure trove of knowledge. You'll find a plethora of articles and tutorials covering a wide range of topics related to networking and cybersecurity. It's not just a website; it's a learning hub for anyone who's eager to dive into the world of bits, bytes, and secure connections. And here's a fun fact: I'm not a lone wolf in this journey. I'm a proud member and Editor of Team NetworkUstad. Together, we're on a mission to empower people with the knowledge they need to navigate the digital landscape safely and effectively. So, if you're ready to embark on a tech-savvy adventure, stick around with me, Asad Ijaz Khattak. We're going to unravel the mysteries of technology, one article at a time!"
Introduction to “Router EIGRP” Command
The “router” command in global configuration mode is an important command for start configuration of any dynamic routing protocol. The topology displayed in Figure 1 is used to configure and demonstrate the EIGRP routing protocol. Figure 2 (marked with a red triangle) illustrates the “router ?” with question marks to demonstrate the list of dynamic...
Introduction to Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs)
Autonomous system numbers (ASNs) is a unique identifier that is globally available and allows its autonomous system to exchange routing information with other systems. An Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) globally assigned autonomous system is a group of networks under the administrative control of a single body that presents a common routing policy to the...
EIGRP Packet Types – Exclusive Explanation
EIGRP uses 5 different types of packet in communication with its neighbours. EIGRP packets are sent with reliable or unreliable delivery and can be sent as a unicast, multicast, or sometimes both. EIGRP packet types are also called EIGRP packet format or EIGRP messages. The details of the EIGRP packets are the following: EIGRP Hello...
What is a Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP)
EIGRP uses a Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP) to deliver and receive EIGRP packets instead of TCP and UDP. Reliability is a key feature of EIGRP, and it is designed to enable fast update delivery and data reception tracking.EIGRP was designed as a network-layer independent routing protocol. This allows EIGRP to be used for protocols other...
What is Protocol Dependent Module (PDM)
EIGRP uses a protocol-dependent module (PDM) for routing with several different protocols including IPv4 and IPv6. EIGRP also used PDMs to route Novell’s IPX and Apple Computer’s AppleTalk network-layer protocols. The protocol-dependent module (PDM) is also responsible for carrying information from the routing table to the topology table. protocol-dependent module (PDM) is also responsible for...
Introduction to EIGRP – Exclusive
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) was introduced as a distance-vector routing protocol in 1992. It was originally designed to work as a Cisco proprietary protocol on Cisco devices only. In 2013, Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol became a multi-vendor routing protocol. Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol is an advanced version of IGRP that lets...
How to Verify Multiarea OSPF
The majority of the command for multiarea OSPF verification is the same as the command we already used in the verification of single area OSPF. The command, “show ip ospf neighbor”, “show ip ospf” and show ip ospf interface are the same command. The following command specifically includes the information of multiarea OSPF. show ip...
Interarea Route Summarization – Exclusive Explanation
Interarea route summarization in the OSPF must be manually configured on ABRs because OSPF does not support auto-summarization. We can perform internal routes summarization only on ABRs. When route summarization is configured on ABRs, a single type 3 LSA (summary LSA) describing the summary route are forwarded to the backbone area. Multiple routes inside the...
OSPF Route Summarization – Exclusive
Route summarization helps convert multiple routes into a single route, which reduces routing tables. After converting a large routing table into a small routing table, it is propagated into the backbone area. We have already discussed the type of LSAs in the previous article. The LSA types 1 and 2 are generated inside each area,...
How to Configure Multiarea OSPF
OSPF can be implemented as single-area OSPF or multiarea OSPF. The basic steps for a single area or multiarea OSPF implementation are the following:- Gather the network requirements and parameters – The first step for implementing multiarea OSPF is the collecting network requirement and important parameters. The requirement includes the number of hosts and required...