Category: CCNA

Cisco Certified Network Associate certification resources

Illustration of Cisco Access Control Lists showing traffic filtering from cloud to router denying access to a computer monitor.
CCNA October 12, 2025

Comprehensive Guide to Access Control Lists (ACLs) in Cisco Networking: Concepts, Types, Operations, Wildcard Masking, Creating, Placemnet and Differences (2025)

An Access Control List (ACL) is a critical feature in Cisco networking, used for security and traffic management. It consists of a set of rules designed to filter network traffic by specifying which users or systems are granted access to network resources and what operations they can perform. ACLs are commonly configured on devices with...
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Stylized comparison of switch vs. hub showing port differences and labeled for networking education.
CCNA September 21, 2025

Switch vs. Hub: Overcome Obsolete Tech with Expert Guidance (Updated 2025)

In networking, understanding the differences between a switch and a hub (switch vs. hub) is fundamental for students and networking professionals. While hubs were historically used to connect devices in local area networks (LANs), modern networks rely on switches for efficiency, scalability, and security. This article explores their roles, distinctions, and practical applications, with Cisco-specific...
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Illustration showing routers connecting multiple networks via dynamic data paths, IP packets, and diverse interfaces.
CCNA July 26, 2025

The functions of the Router Briefly Explained

Routers are the cornerstone of modern networking, enabling seamless communication between devices across local and global networks. For CCNA and CCNP students, understanding the functions of the router is essential for mastering network fundamentals, configuring Cisco devices, and passing certification exams. A router connects multiple networks, determines the best path for data packets, and ensures...
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Diagram of network applications and application layer services including Email Client, Web Browser, DNS, DHCP Server, Web Server, FTP Server, and VoIP, designed for CCNA and CCNP study.
CCNA July 6, 2025

Network Applications and Application Layer Services for CCNA/CCNP Success (Updated 2025)

Network applications and application layer services are critical components of modern networking, forming the backbone of communication in enterprise and cloud environments. For CCNA and CCNP students, understanding these concepts is essential for mastering the application layer of the OSI model, a key topic in Cisco certification exams. Network applications, such as email clients and...
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Feature image with a grey background and a black border. Text reads 'Transmission Modes: Simplex, Half-Duplex, and Full-Duplex' with a logo in the bottom right corner that says 'NetwerkStad'. The image includes a symbol resembling a Wi-Fi signal.
CCNA June 22, 2025

Understanding Transmission Modes: Simplex, Half-Duplex, and Full-Duplex Explained

Transmission modes define the direction and flow of data between devices in a network, playing a critical role in determining communication efficiency. Whether it’s a one-way broadcast like radio or simultaneous two-way conversations like a phone call, understanding these modes—simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex—is essential for network design and optimization. This article explores each mode with...
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Detailed IPv4 packet header diagram with labeled fields: Version, TTL, Protocol, Checksum, and Source/Destination IP addresses.
CCNA June 13, 2025

What Is an IP Address? A Complete, Exciting Guide for Beginners 2025

The word “IP ” stands for “Internet Protocol.” An Internet Protocol or IP Address is a unique logical numeric address assigned to every computer, printer, switch, router, or network device. It is the core component of the TCP/IP network.  There is no possibility of a network without an IP address. IP addresses such as 192.168.1.1...
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CCNA June 1, 2025

SFP and SFP+ Modules: The Ultimate Guide to Choosing and Setting Up 10G Transceivers

Discover everything you need to know about SFP+ modules, including their functionality, compatibility with network switches, and step-by-step setup for a high-speed 10G or 40G network. This comprehensive guide covers key considerations, troubleshooting tips, and expert advice to ensure you select the right SFP+ transceiver for your network infrastructure. What is an SFP+ Module? Today,...
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