Author: Asad Ijaz

NetworkUstad's lead networking architect with CCIE certification. Specializes in CCNA exam preparation and enterprise network design. Authored 2,800+ technical guides on Cisco systems, BGP routing, and network security protocols since 2018. Picture this: I'm not just someone who writes about tech; I'm a certified expert in the field. I proudly hold the titles of Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP) and Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA). So, when I talk about networking, I'm not just whistling in the dark; I know my stuff! My website is like a treasure trove of knowledge. You'll find a plethora of articles and tutorials covering a wide range of topics related to networking and cybersecurity. It's not just a website; it's a learning hub for anyone who's eager to dive into the world of bits, bytes, and secure connections. And here's a fun fact: I'm not a lone wolf in this journey. I'm a proud member and Editor of Team NetworkUstad. Together, we're on a mission to empower people with the knowledge they need to navigate the digital landscape safely and effectively. So, if you're ready to embark on a tech-savvy adventure, stick around with me, Asad Ijaz Khattak. We're going to unravel the mysteries of technology, one article at a time!"
Health January 3, 2021

What is Broccoli? Exclusive Details

You all know cauliflower. There is another vegetable that looks like this, called broccoli, but its color is different. The color of cauliflower is white, but it is dark green, as shown in the picture below. Apart from this, it is also found in purple and white. Talking about the way it is eaten, it is also […]
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CCNA December 25, 2020

Static Mapping command Examination

We earlier discussed that Cisco routers support all network layer protocols over Frame Relay. We also know that the address-to-DLCI mapping can be accomplished both by dynamic or static mapping. Frame Relay static mapping ever depends on the network needs. To map between a next-hop protocol address and a DLCI destination address, the following command […]
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CCNA December 24, 2020

Frame Relay Address Mapping Exclusive

Cisco routers support all network layer protocols such as IPv4, IPv6, IPX, and AppleTalk over Frame Relay. For transmitting data over Frame Relay, it needs to know which local DLCI maps to the Layer 3 address of the remote destination. In simple words Frame Relay address mapping matches a next-hop IP address that sits on […]
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CCNA November 6, 2020

Frame Relay Encapsulation – Exclusive Explanation

As we discussed earlier, Frame Relay is working on the Datalink Layer of the OSI Model. So, it takes data packets from the upper layer of the OSI model, encapsulates the data into the Frame Relay frame, and then passes the frame to the physical layer of the OSI Model for delivery on the network. […]
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CCNA October 21, 2020

Multiple Virtual Circuits (VCs) – Briefly Explained

Frame Relay is a multiplexing technique that transmits only one frame at a time. Multiple virtual circuits can be used on a single physical line. The Frame Relay Access Device (FRAD), or router connected to the Frame Relay network, may have multiple virtual circuits linking it to different endpoints. Multiple VCs on a single physical […]
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A visual representation of Frame Relay Virtual Circuits, highlighting PVCs and SVCs.
CCNA October 17, 2020

Frame Relay Virtual Circuits (VCs) – Exclusiv Explanation

We have already discussed Frame Relay in the previous lessons. What is Frame Relay? Exclusive Introduction that it provides connection-oriented data link layer communication using a Frame Relay virtual circuit. Frame Relay Virtual Circuits (VCs) are a logical connection between two data terminal equipment (DTE) devices across a Frame Relay packet-switched network (PSN). The circuits […]
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CCNA September 25, 2020

How to Configure Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP)

Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) periodically checks the character of the far off hub utilizing a three-way handshake. The hostname on one switch must match the username the other switch has designed. The passwords should likewise coordinate. The password value is variable and changes unpredictably while the link exists. When the PPP link establishment phase […]
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CCNA May 15, 2020

Password Authentication Protocol (PAP)

PPP support different option that can be configured optionally. One of these options is authentication. The authentication option provides a method to negotiate the use of a particular protocol for Authentication. By default, authentication is not required. Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) and Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) can be used for PPP links authentication which […]
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