byte-oriented protocol
CCNA
PPP Components: Layered Architecture and Frame Structure Explained
A layered architecture is a logical model that helps different parts of a communication system work together. PPP’s layered model maps reasonably well onto the OSI model: both share the same physical layer, though PPP distributes the work of its Link Control Protocol (LCP) and Network Control Protocol (NCP) differently than OSI’s strict layer boundaries....
CCNA
WAN Encapsulation Protocols: HDLC, PPP, Frame Relay, X.25, SLIP, and ATM
The network layer passes data down to the data link layer for transmission over the physical layer. The data link layer creates frames by adding the necessary checks and controls around that network layer data — a process called encapsulation. On a router’s serial interface, encapsulation must be explicitly configured to guarantee both ends of...