Physical and Logical Addresses A person’s name is typically a constant identifier, much like a MAC address in computer networking. A MAC address is a unique, hardware-based identifier assigned to a network interface card (NIC) and remains unchanged regardless of where the host is connected on the network. It serves as the host’s physical address,… Read more
Read More Hierarchical Network Design
We have already discussed Frame Relay in the previous lessons. What is Frame Relay? Exclusive Introduction that it provides connection-oriented data link layer communication using a Frame Relay virtual circuit. Frame Relay Virtual Circuits (VCs) are a logical connection between two data terminal equipment (DTE) devices across a Frame Relay packet-switched network (PSN). The circuits… Read more
Read More Frame Relay Virtual Circuits (VCs) – Exclusiv ExplanationRSTP- IEEE 802.1w is the advanced version of STP, providing faster convergence than CST but holding with the same single root bridge in the topology. Most parameters in RSTP are the same as STP, so users who understand STP can effortlessly configure the RSTP. Rapid PVST+ is the Cisco proprietary of RSTP on a per-VLAN… Read more
Read More What is RSTP and Rapid PVST+: Exclusive Details
This guide is designed for network professionals using Windows (e.g., 10/11) or Linux (e.g., Ubuntu 22.04) systems. Network configuration can be managed via Command Prompt (cmd) on Windows or terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T) on Linux, with tools like ipconfig (Windows) or ifconfig (Linux) for IP management. These OS platforms are essential for implementing… Read more
Read More Small Network Topologies – Exclusive Details (Updated 2025)
Subnetting allows a network administrator to create a smaller network known as sub-networks or subnets inside a large network by borrowing bits from the Host ID portion of the address. It implements and manages a practical IP addressing plan by partitioning a single physical network into more than one smaller logical sub-network (subnets), enhancing control… Read more
Read More Subnetting Unveiled: Master the Art of Network Segmentation 2025