If the router interface is configured with OSPF, the router must determine if another OSPF neighbor is on the link. To do this, the router forwards a Hello packet containing its router ID to all OSPF-enabled interfaces as multicast. The Open Shortest Path First process uses the router ID to recognize every router individually in… Read more
Introduction and Exclusive Explanation of OSPF Operation Read More »
When an OSPF router is initially connected to a network it completes the following generic link-state routing OSPF process and gets the state of convergence through changing different states. Before discussing OSPF states, I am going to discuss OSPF Process. Create adjacencies with neighbours OSPF configured router form adjacencies with their neighbours before share information
Introduction to the Different OSPF States and Process Read More »
Hello, Packets Type 1 are OSPF packets sent periodically on all interfaces, including virtual links, to establish and maintain neighbor adjacency. It is a multicast packet with a multicast and broadcast capability, enabling dynamic discovery of neighboring routers. Hello packets advertise parameters on which routers agree to become neighbors. It also elects the Designated Router
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) runs over the Internet Protocol’s network layer. So, Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) encapsulated only by IP and local data-link headers. Encapsulating OSPF messages transmitting over an Ethernet link contain the following information:
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a powerful link-state routing protocol widely used in enterprise networks and a key topic for CCNA and CCNP certifications. OSPF relies on five distinct packet types to establish neighbor adjacencies, exchange routing information, and maintain a consistent Link-State Database (LSDB) across routers in an area. Understanding these OSPF packets—Hello,
Master OSPF Packets Type: Essential Knowledge for Cisco Certification (Updated 2025) Read More »
Because of its hierarchical design, OSPF is more efficient and scalable. The OSPF segments the network into different areas. An area is a group of routers sharing the same link-state information in their Link-State Databases (LSDBs). We can implement the OSPF in two ways. Single Area OSPF (Area 0) Area 0 is also known as
Introduction to Single-Area OSPF and Multi-Area OSPF Read More »
Link state is the most used routing protocol; therefore, the link state operation is essential for networking students. In this article, we are discussing the link state operation. Link State Routing protocols reduce broadcast traffic as they do not send periodic updates. It also does not send entire routing tables with each broadcast. Link state
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a link-state routing protocol replacing distance vector routing protocol, RIP. RIP was acceptable in the early days of networking. RIP uses hop count as the metric which is not working better in the larger network. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) has many advantages over RIP. It can scale a