Bothe of the stateless and stateful DHCPv6 operation are started with an ICMPv6 RA message from the router. The RA message may have been periodic or solicited by the device using an RS message. The devices start client and server communication when stateless or stateful DHCPv6 is indicated in the RA message. The DHCPv6 operation is started when an RA message indicate stateful or stateless DHCPv6.
The DHCPv6 messages are sent in user datagram protocol (UDP). Messages from the server to client uses UDP destination port 546 and messages from the client to server uses UDP destination port 547.
The DHCPv6 client needs to discover a DHCPv6 server. The client sends a Router SOLICIT (RS) message to the reserved IPv6 multicast all-DHCPv6-servers addressFF02::1:2. This multicast address has a link-local scope, which means routers do not forward the messages to other networks.
The available DHCPv6 servers respond with a DHCPv6 ADVERTISE message which tells the client that the server is available for DHCPv6 service. The client responds with a DHCPv6 REQUEST in case of stateful DHCPv6 and Information-request in case of stateless DHCPv6 to the server. The figure below illustrates the DHCPv6 operation.
- Stateless DHCPv6 client– The client sends a DHCPv6 INFORMATION-REQUEST message to the DHCPv6 server. The message including request only for configuration parameters, such as DNS address. The client generated its IPv6 address with the help of the RA message and a self-generated Interface ID. The server reply with the information requested.
- Stateful DHCPv6 client– The client sends a DHCPv6 REQUEST to the DHCPv6 server to get IPv6 address information including all other configuration parameters.
