Author name: Asad Ijaz

NetworkUstad's lead networking architect with CCIE certification. Specializes in CCNA exam preparation and enterprise network design. Authored 2,800+ technical guides on Cisco systems, BGP routing, and network security protocols since 2018. Picture this: I'm not just someone who writes about tech; I'm a certified expert in the field. I proudly hold the titles of Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP) and Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA). So, when I talk about networking, I'm not just whistling in the dark; I know my stuff! My website is like a treasure trove of knowledge. You'll find a plethora of articles and tutorials covering a wide range of topics related to networking and cybersecurity. It's not just a website; it's a learning hub for anyone who's eager to dive into the world of bits, bytes, and secure connections. And here's a fun fact: I'm not a lone wolf in this journey. I'm a proud member and Editor of Team NetworkUstad. Together, we're on a mission to empower people with the knowledge they need to navigate the digital landscape safely and effectively. So, if you're ready to embark on a tech-savvy adventure, stick around with me, Asad Ijaz Khattak. We're going to unravel the mysteries of technology, one article at a time!"

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Understanding Data Encapsulation and Decapsulation in OSI Layers: A Comprehensive Guide With Simulator Updated 2025

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Data encapsulation and de-encapsulation are crucial for transmitting information across computer networks. Encapsulation involves wrapping data in a specific format before sending it over the network, ensuring it can traverse various communication mediums and reach its destination intact. On the other hand, de-encapsulation is the process of unwrapping and extracting the original data at the… Read more

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What Affects Bitcoin Price the Most? 7 Key Factors Explained

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Bitcoin is known for its price volatility, and while some see this as a risk, others view it as an opportunity. But what drives the ups and downs of the world’s most famous cryptocurrency? Understanding the main Bitcoin price drivers can help both beginners and experienced investors make more informed decisions. From macroeconomic forces to crypto-specific events,

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Why First-Time Buyers Keep Choosing Mini Dab Rigs Over Full-Size Options

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The cannabis accessory space is changing quickly, with new users driving demand for gear that’s simple, portable, and budget-friendly. One clear trend is emerging: more first-time buyers are gravitating toward compact setups instead of traditional full-size rigs. For those just getting started, a mini dab rig offers the right mix of ease and efficiency. Tucked

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Switch and Hub – Comparison

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In my previous article, I compared Switches and Routers. Here, I’ll explore the differences between Switch and Hub, two foundational networking devices. While hubs were historically used to connect devices, modern networks rely on switches for efficiency and security. Let’s clarify their roles and distinctions. We can connect one or more computers, networked devices, or

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Comparing Switch and Router: A Comprehensive Guide

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The Switch and Router comparison is most important because both are the backbone devices in computer networking. So, I am comparing Switches and Routers for networking students. If someone understands the Switch and Router comparison, he can easily manage a network. Definition of Router A router is a Layer 3 (Network Layer) device that forwards data packets between distinct

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20 Most Destructive Viruses History in the World

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A computer virus is a program, script, or macro created to harm a computer, steal private information, change data, send e-mail, and display messages. More importantly, when the viruses were executed, they spread bycopying itself into or over the following:- Virus writers use detailed knowledge of security vulnerabilities to gain access to a host’s computer. When was the

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