Author: Asad Ijaz

NetworkUstad's lead networking architect with CCIE certification. Specializes in CCNA exam preparation and enterprise network design. Authored 2,800+ technical guides on Cisco systems, BGP routing, and network security protocols since 2018. Picture this: I'm not just someone who writes about tech; I'm a certified expert in the field. I proudly hold the titles of Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP) and Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA). So, when I talk about networking, I'm not just whistling in the dark; I know my stuff! My website is like a treasure trove of knowledge. You'll find a plethora of articles and tutorials covering a wide range of topics related to networking and cybersecurity. It's not just a website; it's a learning hub for anyone who's eager to dive into the world of bits, bytes, and secure connections. And here's a fun fact: I'm not a lone wolf in this journey. I'm a proud member and Editor of Team NetworkUstad. Together, we're on a mission to empower people with the knowledge they need to navigate the digital landscape safely and effectively. So, if you're ready to embark on a tech-savvy adventure, stick around with me, Asad Ijaz Khattak. We're going to unravel the mysteries of technology, one article at a time!"
EIGRP
CCNA January 1, 2020

Introduction to EIGRP – Exclusive

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) was introduced as a distance-vector routing protocol in 1992. It was originally designed to work as a Cisco proprietary protocol on Cisco devices only. In 2013, Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol became a multi-vendor routing protocol. Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol is an advanced version of IGRP that lets […]
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CCNA December 31, 2019

How to Verify Multiarea OSPF

The majority of the command for multiarea OSPF verification is the same as the command we already used in the verification of single area OSPF. The command, “show ip ospf neighbor”, “show ip ospf” and show ip ospf interface are the same command. The following command specifically includes the information of multiarea OSPF. show ip […]
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CCNA December 30, 2019

Interarea Route Summarization – Exclusive Explanation

Interarea route summarization in the OSPF must be manually configured on ABRs because OSPF does not support auto-summarization. We can perform internal routes summarization only on ABRs. When route summarization is configured on ABRs, a single type 3 LSA (summary LSA) describing the summary route are forwarded to the backbone area. Multiple routes inside the […]
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CCNA December 29, 2019

OSPF Route Summarization – Exclusive

Route summarization helps convert multiple routes into a single route, which reduces routing tables. After converting a large routing table into a small routing table, it is propagated into the backbone area. We have already discussed the type of LSAs in the previous article. The LSA types 1 and 2 are generated inside each area, […]
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CCNA December 28, 2019

How to Configure Multiarea OSPF

OSPF can be implemented as single-area OSPF or multiarea OSPF. The basic steps for a single area or multiarea OSPF implementation are the following:- Gather the network requirements and parameters – The first step for implementing multiarea OSPF is the collecting network requirement and important parameters. The requirement includes the number of hosts and required […]
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CCNA December 26, 2019

OSPF LSA Types – Exclusive Explanation

OSPF is a link-state routing protocol that is used to find the best path between the source and the destination. The SPF algorithm is used to determine the best path. OSPF enabled routers exchange LSAs to update and maintain LSDBs. LSAs act as database records and provide specific OSPF network details. Currently, 11 different types […]
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Learn the key functions of the router
CCNA December 25, 2019

Types of Routers in OSPF – Exclusive

OSPF uses four different types of routers with a unique role and set of defining characteristics within the hierarchy. The routers control the traffic that goes in and out of areas. The OSPF routers are categorized based on the function they perform in the routing domain. The four types of routers are following:- Internal router– […]
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CCNA December 24, 2019

How to OSPF MD5 Authentication

OSPF supports routing protocol authentication using MD5 Authentication. It is more secure than plain text authentication. It uses the MD5 algorithm to calculate a hash value from the contents of the OSPF packet and a password and then the hash value is transmitted in the packet. The receiver side, which knows the password, calculates its […]
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CCNA December 24, 2019

Introduction to OSPF Authentication

The role of routers in a network is so crucial that they are often the targets of network attacks. The routers are also at risk from the attack just as much as end-user systems. Routing systems can be attacked by disrupting the routing peers or by falsifying the information passed within the routing protocol. Falsified […]
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CCNA December 22, 2019

OSPF Hello and Dead Intervals – Exclusive Details

Devices enable OSPF to constantly track the status of their neighbors, sending and receiving hello packets. Hello, packets show whether each neighbour still is functioning, and sending and receiving link-state advertisement and acknowledgment packets. OSPF sends hello packets and expects to receive Hello packets at particular intervals. The Hello and Dead Intervals timer is included […]
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