Author: Asad Ijaz

NetworkUstad's lead networking architect with CCIE certification. Specializes in CCNA exam preparation and enterprise network design. Authored 2,800+ technical guides on Cisco systems, BGP routing, and network security protocols since 2018. Picture this: I'm not just someone who writes about tech; I'm a certified expert in the field. I proudly hold the titles of Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP) and Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA). So, when I talk about networking, I'm not just whistling in the dark; I know my stuff! My website is like a treasure trove of knowledge. You'll find a plethora of articles and tutorials covering a wide range of topics related to networking and cybersecurity. It's not just a website; it's a learning hub for anyone who's eager to dive into the world of bits, bytes, and secure connections. And here's a fun fact: I'm not a lone wolf in this journey. I'm a proud member and Editor of Team NetworkUstad. Together, we're on a mission to empower people with the knowledge they need to navigate the digital landscape safely and effectively. So, if you're ready to embark on a tech-savvy adventure, stick around with me, Asad Ijaz Khattak. We're going to unravel the mysteries of technology, one article at a time!"
CCNA January 25, 2020

How to Configure EIGRP Manual Summary Routes

We can configure manual summary routes without enabling the auto-summary. We can also use a manual summary if auto-summary is enabled because EIGRP is a classless routing protocol. Classless routing protocol includes the subnet mask in the routing update; therefore we can configure manual summarization using the supernet routes. In supernetting, we can aggregate multiple […]
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CCNA January 17, 2020

How to EIGRP automatic summarization

Route summarization is the most common tuning method of EIGRP. It allows a router to group multiple networks and advertises them as one large group using a single, summarized route. The capability to summarize routes is very important due to the rapid growth of networks. Route summarization reduces the number of routes in a larger […]
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show topology table 1 Topology Table - Exclusive Introduction
CCNA January 16, 2020

Topology Table – Exclusive Introduction

The EIGRP topology table contains all of the information about all known routes received from EIGRP neighbors. As an EIGRP router learns routes from its neighbors, those routes are stored in its EIGRP topology table. If a neighbor is advertising a possible route, it has to be using that route to forward packets to the […]
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EIGRP Metric Calculation Successor, Feasible Successor and Feasible Distance
CCNA January 15, 2020

Successor, Feasible Successor and Feasible Distance

Successor -A successor route is the best route to a destination network. EIGRP uses the successor route to forward traffic to a destination. This is the router which is stored in the routing table. A successor route is based on the advertised distance from the neighbor. A successor route is a least-cost route to the […]
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DUAL What is DUAL?
CCNA January 13, 2020

What is DUAL?

The diffusing update algorithm (DUAL) is the algorithm used by EIGRP routing protocol to make sure that a given route is recalculated globally whenever it might cause a routing loop. It is guarantees loop-free and backup paths throughout the routing domain. EIGRP store all available backup routes using diffusing update algorithm and then adapt the […]
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EIGRP Metric Calculation How to Calculate EIGRP Metric
CCNA January 13, 2020

How to Calculate EIGRP Metric

EIGRP automatically calculates the routing table metric to choose the best path. But it is important that the network administrator understands how to calculate EIGRP metric. The default formula for the composite metric is: [k1 x Bandwidth + k3 x delay] x 256 By default K1 and K3 is equal to 1 so the formula […]
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CCNA January 12, 2020

Introduction to Delay Metric

Delay Metric is the measure of the time it takes a bit to be transmitted to an adjacent neighbor. The delay metric (DLY) is a constant value based on the type of link to which the interface is connected. The value is expressed in microseconds, the one-millionth of a second.  In the EIGRP metric calculation, […]
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EIGRP Bandwidth Introduction to Bandwidth Metric
CCNA January 12, 2020

Introduction to Bandwidth Metric

EIGRP and OSPF both are using bandwidth metric which is a static value for calculating routing metrics. The bandwidth is displayed in kilobits per second (kb/s). The default bandwidths for different interfaces are: Serial Interface – 1544 kb/s Ethernet is – 10,000 kb/s FastEthernet – 100,000 GigaEthernet – 1,000,000 TenGig – 10,000,000 Figure 1 illustrates […]
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EIGRP Metric Calculation EIGRP Composite Metric - Exclusive Explanation
CCNA January 11, 2020

EIGRP Composite Metric – Exclusive Explanation

A composite metric is a number calculated based on several different components that determine the preferred route. By default, EIGRP uses bandwidth and delay to calculate the preferred path to a network. The reliability and load can also be used, but are not recommended, because they typically result in a frequent recalculation of the topology […]
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