394 articles

CCNA

Cisco Certified Network Associate certification resources

Illustration of different types of network connecting devices worldwide.
CCNA

Networking Essentials: Spotlight on the 6 Types of Network

We can characterize 6 types of networks with the size of the area covered, the number of users connected, the number and types of services available, and the area of responsibility. The most important and famous kinds of networks are: Local Area Network (LAN) It is the first and most important part of networks. It...

Asad Ijaz 4 min read
What is a Network? Network diagram showing multiple hosts connected through hubs and switches.
CCNA

What is a Network? – Exclusive Definitions

Before starting Cisco Internetworking, the network introduction is important for the networking student to be aware of “what a network is” and “what network is importance themselves”. So, first of all, what is a network? In simple words, It is a collection of interconnected devices (such as computers, printers, etc.) in such a way that they...

Asad Ijaz 7 min read
Comparison of a Cisco switch and router side by side.
CCNA

Comparing Switch and Router: A Comprehensive Guide

The Switch and Router comparison is most important because both are the backbone devices in computer networking. So, I am comparing Switches and Routers for networking students. If someone understands the Switch and Router comparison, he can easily manage a network. Definition of Router A router is a Layer 3 (Network Layer) device that forwards data packets between distinct...

Asad Ijaz 3 min read
component
CCNA

3 Basic Network Component – Exclusive explanation

Any network infrastructure contains three components: devices, Media, and Services. Moving data from source to destination can be as simple as connecting one device to another. Note:- At the end of this article, the assessment test is waiting for you about the Basic network Components Devices and media are the physical network components, also known...

Asad Ijaz 9 min read
Illustration of IPv6 multicast concept showing the all-nodes address FF02::1 centrally connecting multiple computer devices in a network.
CCNA

IPv6 Multicast Addresses Explained: Structure, Types, Examples, and Use Cases

I have already written about IPv6 multicast addresses in my previous article. IPv6 multicast addresses work similarly to IPv4 multicast addresses. IPv6-enabled devices can join and listen for multicast traffic on an IPv6 multicast address. Multicasting is one of the powerful features of IPv6 addresses, which enables one-to-many communication, optimizing bandwidth for applications like video...

Asad Ijaz 11 min read
Screenshot of IPv6 address configuration window on a laptop screen, showing options for automatic and manual setup.
CCNA

Global IPv6 Unicast Addresses Configuration

Configuring global IPv6 addresses can feel difficult, but don’t worry—you are at the right place, and we will guide you step by step. Whether you’re a beginner setting up your first IPv6 network or a pro looking to refine your skills, this guide covers everything. We’ll break down the three main methods—manual configuration, Stateless Address...

Asad Ijaz 8 min read
Diagram illustrating the exchange of Router Advertisement (RA) and Router Solicitation (RS) messages between a router and a PC.
CCNA

Router Advertisement (RA) Messages

Router Advertisement (RA) messages are a cornerstone of IPv6 networking, allowing routers to broadcast their presence and share critical configuration details with devices on the network. This guide provides an in-depth exploration of RA messages, their structure, and their role in IPv6 networks—perfect for network professionals and enthusiasts aiming to master IPv6 configuration. What Are...

Asad Ijaz 6 min read
Colorful gear diagram of special-purpose IP addresses over a world map, highlighting loopback, link-local, and test-net ranges.
CCNA

Special-Purpose IP Addresses – IPv4 and IPv6 (Updated April 2025)

IP addresses are the backbone of network communication, but not all IP addresses are created equal. Some are reserved for special purposes, serving unique roles in networking, from local testing to private networks and multicast applications. As of April 2025, with IPv6 adoption surpassing 70% of global internet traffic (per industry estimates), understanding both IPv4...

Asad Ijaz 5 min read
Classful vs. Classless IP Addressing
CCNA

Classful vs. Classless IP Addressing: A Deep Dive into Networking Evolution

IP addressing is the backbone of modern networking, enabling devices to communicate across local networks and the internet. Every device—whether a smartphone, server, or IoT sensor—requires a unique IP address to send and receive data. However, the original IP addressing system ( classful addressing ) struggled to scale with the internet’s explosive growth. This led...

Asad Ijaz 10 min read
Design 215 IPv6 Address Types Explained: Unicast, Multicast, Anycast Guide for 2025
CCNA

IPv6 Address Types Explained: Unicast, Multicast, Anycast Guide for 2025

What are the IPv6 address types? This is the main topic of our comprehensive guide. My previous articles discussed IPv4 address classes, classless and classful addressing schemes, and special-purpose IP addresses. We have also learned about unicasting, multicasting, and broadcasting in IPv4 addresses. Similarly, IPv6 addresses also contain different types, such as unicast addresses, multicast...

Asad Ijaz 7 min read