Network Design
Hierarchical Network Design
Physical and Logical Addresses A person’s name is typically a constant identifier, much like a MAC address in computer networking. A MAC address is a unique, hardware-based identifier assigned to a network interface card (NIC) and remains unchanged regardless of where the host is connected on the network. It serves as the host’s physical address,...
Frame Relay Virtual Circuits (VCs) – Exclusiv Explanation
We have already discussed Frame Relay in the previous lessons. What is Frame Relay? Exclusive Introduction that it provides connection-oriented data link layer communication using a Frame Relay virtual circuit. Frame Relay Virtual Circuits (VCs) are a logical connection between two data terminal equipment (DTE) devices across a Frame Relay packet-switched network (PSN). The circuits...
What is RSTP and Rapid PVST+: Exclusive Details
RSTP- IEEE 802.1w is the advanced version of STP, providing faster convergence than CST but holding with the same single root bridge in the topology. Most parameters in RSTP are the same as STP, so users who understand STP can effortlessly configure the RSTP. Rapid PVST+ is Cisco’s proprietary implementation of RSTP that operates on...
What is Summary Static Route? – Briefly Explained
Static routes are manually configured entries in a router’s routing table, directing traffic to specific destinations. Unlike dynamic routing protocols like OSPF or EIGRP, static routes offer simplicity and control, making them ideal for small networks or specific scenarios like stub networks or default gateways. For CCNA and CCNP students, mastering static routes and their...
Small Network Topologies – Exclusive Details (Updated 2025)
This guide is designed for network professionals using Windows (e.g., 10/11) or Linux (e.g., Ubuntu 22.04) systems. Network configuration can be managed via Command Prompt (cmd) on Windows or terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T) on Linux, with tools like ipconfig (Windows) or ifconfig (Linux) for IP management. These OS platforms are essential for implementing...
Subnetting Unveiled: Master the Art of Network Segmentation 2025
Subnetting allows a network administrator to create a smaller network known as sub-networks or subnets inside a large network by borrowing bits from the Host ID portion of the address. It implements and manages a practical IP addressing plan by partitioning a single physical network into more than one smaller logical sub-network (subnets), enhancing control...