Month: August 2019

Network documentation diagram showing a Cisco topology with a router (192.168.1.1), switch, firewall, VLAN 10 (server 192.168.1.10), and VLAN 20 (servers 192.168.1.20, 192.168.1.21) for CCNA/CCNP.
CCNA August 19, 2019

Network Documentation: The Essential Guide to Boost Network Efficiency in 2025

Network documentation is a critical skill for CCNA and CCNP students, serving as the backbone of efficient network management and troubleshooting. Comprehensive documentation ensures quick recovery from failures, simplifies upgrades, and supports compliance with industry standards. This article explores the essential components of network documentation, including topology diagrams, server details, and backup procedures, providing practical […]
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Diagram illustrating three Cisco router packet-forwarding mechanisms—Process Switching, Fast Switching, and Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF)—with network flow arrows and interface icons on a clean tech background.
CCNA August 18, 2019

Cisco Router Forwarding Mechanism Briefly Explained

Understanding Cisco Router Forwarding Mechanism is a cornerstone of networking for CCNA and CCNP students. Routers, the backbone of network connectivity, rely on efficient packet-forwarding mechanisms to direct traffic toward its destination. Cisco routers support three primary methods—Process Switching, Fast Switching, and Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF)—each with unique characteristics affecting performance, scalability, and resource usage. […]
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CCNA August 18, 2019

What is VLAN Attacks – Brief Explanation

In the previous article, I explained how trunks work. By default, trunk ports can use all VLANs and pass traffic for multiple VLANs across the same physical link between switches. The VLAN simplifies network administration and maintenance. It also improves the performance of the network, but it has some backhaul for hackers which is necessary […]
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CCNA August 18, 2019

What are Trunk Links? Common Problem and Troubleshooting

Trunk links are a common problem that mostly occurs due to incorrect configurations. Troubleshooting trunk links problems is a common task in networking. If a problem with a trunk is found and the cause is unknown, first, check the trunks for a native VLAN mismatch. If the native VLAN is correct, then check for trunk […]
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CCNA August 18, 2019

Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP) Explained

The Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP) is a Cisco proprietary protocol used to negotiate trunking between Cisco switches. For CCNA and CCNP students, understanding DTP is crucial for configuring and troubleshooting VLAN trunk links in enterprise networks. DTP simplifies the process of establishing trunk connections by automatically negotiating whether a link should operate in trunk or […]
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Diagram comparing flat Layer 2 network design with hierarchical switched LAN architecture, featuring VLAN segmentation and optimized traffic flow.
CCNA August 18, 2019

Master SVI and VLAN Addressing Issues (Updated 2025)

Each VLAN in the network requires a unique IP subnet because two devices in the same VLAN with different subnet addresses cannot communicate. This is a common problem during VLAN configuration, and we can solve it by identifying the incorrect IP address configuration and changing the address to the correct one. For example, if you […]
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Diagram illustrating VLAN trunking configuration on Cisco switches, showing a trunk link between two switches with port details and configuration steps.
CCNA August 17, 2019

Master VLAN Trunking: Discover the Power of Seamless Networking with our 2025 Guide

VLAN trunking is a critical networking concept that allows multiple VLANs to traverse a single link between network devices, such as switches or routers. By enabling communication between devices in the same VLAN across different switches without requiring a router, trunking enhances network efficiency and scalability. For CCNA and CCNP students, understanding VLAN trunking is […]
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CCNA August 16, 2019

Master VLAN Configuration in Cisco Switches – Updated 2025

Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) are a fundamental concept in network engineering, allowing network administrators to segment a physical network into multiple logical networks. This segmentation enhances security, optimizes traffic flow, and simplifies network management. For CCNA and CCNP students, mastering VLAN configuration on Cisco switches is critical, as it forms the backbone of many […]
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Diagram illustrating VLAN ID ranges on Cisco Catalyst switches, showing normal VLAN range from 1 to 1005 with reserved VLANs 1002-1005, and extended VLAN range from 1006 to 4094.
CCNA August 16, 2019

Introduction to VLAN ID Range – Exclusive Explanation (Updated 2025)

Cisco Catalyst switches support a VLAN ID Range from 1 to 4094, divided into normal (1-1005) and extended (1006-4094) ranges. The normal range suits small to enterprise networks, with VLANs 1002-1005 reserved for Token Ring and FDDI, and cannot be removed. Extended ranges, stored in the running-config, support service providers but offer fewer features and […]
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Close-up of Ethernet cables with text overlay about tagging Ethernet frames for VLAN identification.
CCNA August 13, 2019

VLAN Identification – Your Ultimate Guide to Master VLAN Tagging (Updated 2025)

Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) are a cornerstone of modern network design, enabling segmentation, security, and efficient traffic management in Ethernet networks. For CCNA and CCNP students, mastering VLAN tagging for VLAN identification, particularly the IEEE 802.1Q standard, is essential for configuring and troubleshooting Cisco switches. This article explores VLAN tagging, native VLANs, and voice […]
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