Month: October 2019
CCNA October 31, 2019

How to Troubleshoot Spanning-Tree Protocol

In most networks, the best Spanning-Tree Protocol topology is determined as part of the network blueprint. The Spanning-Tree Protocol is implemented by configuring Spanning-Tree Protocol priority and cost values. Several things could go wrong. You can expect something, but your switches can give you something different. Situations also occur when the Spanning-Tree Protocol was not...
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CCNA October 30, 2019

How to Configure Spanning-Tree Mode – Rapid PVST+

The default configuration of the spanning-tree protocol (STP) on a Catalyst 2960 Series switch is PVST+. A Catalyst 2960 series switches support PVST+, Rapid PVST+, and MST, but only one version can be active for all VLANs. Rapid PVST+ is the Cisco execution of RSTP supporting RSTP on a per-VLAN basis. We can control the...
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CCNA October 29, 2019

What is PVST+ Load Balancing? – Exclusive Explanation

Network load balancing is the technique to manage traffic across a network without the use of complex routing protocols such as BGP. Network Load Balancing divide load across multiple links, which use the network resources more efficiently and avoid network overload. Load balancing may be accomplished through software or hardware. Now, look at the topology...
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Network diagram showing spanning tree configuration with bridge IDs and VLANs
CCNA October 28, 2019

How to Configure PortFast and BPDU Guard – Explained

The switch port directly connected to an end station cannot create bridging loops. So, the port can rapidly enter the forwarding state by skipping the listening and learning state. Portfast is a Cisco proprietary solution that allows the switch port to skip the listening and learning state and immediately enter the forwarding state. It is...
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Network diagram showing spanning tree configuration with bridge IDs and VLANs
CCNA October 27, 2019

How to Configure Spanning-Tree Bridge ID – Briefly Explained

When configuring a specific switch as a Root Bridge, the bridge ID priority value must be adjusted to be lower than the bridge priority values of all the other switches on the network. There are two different methods for configuring the bridge priority value on a Cisco Catalyst switch. Method 1 To ensure the switch...
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CCNA October 26, 2019

What is RSTP and Rapid PVST+: Exclusive Details

RSTP- IEEE 802.1w is the advanced version of STP, providing faster convergence than CST but holding with the same single root bridge in the topology. Most parameters in RSTP are the same as STP, so users who understand STP can effortlessly configure the RSTP. Rapid PVST+ is the Cisco proprietary of RSTP on a per-VLAN...
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CCNA October 25, 2019

What is PVST+ – Exclusive Explanation

The original IEEE 802.1D standard spanning tree protocol assumes only one spanning-tree instance for the entire switched network, regardless of the number of VLANs. A network running cannot ensure load balancing because one uplink must block for all VLANs but the CPU is free because there is only one instance of spanning tree working. The...
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CCNA October 24, 2019

Explain Types of Spanning-Tree Protocols

Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) ensures network availability with redundant paths without a loop. Several types of spanning-tree protocols have appeared since the original IEEE 802.1D. The default spanning-tree mode for Cisco Catalyst switches is PVST+, which is enabled on all switch ports. The different types of spanning-tree protocols are:- Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) The STP is the...
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Network switches exchanging BPDUs
CCNA October 22, 2019

802.1D Bridge Protocol Data Unit (BPDU) Frame Format

The spanning tree algorithm exchanges the Bridge Protocol Data Unit (BPDU) to elect the Root Bridge. It is a frame containing 12 different fields with different information. The information in the BPDU is used to determine the root bridge and the paths to the root bridge. The figure below illustrates the Bridge Protocol Data Unit...
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Network switches calculating path costs
CCNA October 19, 2019

Spanning Tree Algorithm – Path Cost Exclusive Details

When a loop occurs in the switched network, the STP uses path cost to resolve the port’s state. Path cost is obtained from the port’s speed. The spanning tree puts the lowest-numbered port into the forwarding state if all connected ports have the same path cost values. The path information is determined using the sum...
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