Small Network Topologies – Exclusive Details

Small network topologies and techniques are too crucial for network professionals because most businesses require a small network. The small network’s design is generally straightforward. Generally, network topologies contain a single router and one or more switches.

Small networks may have access points (possibly built into the router) and IP phones. As for the internet requirement, small networks usually use only a single WAN connection provided by internet service providers. The internet connection may be DSL, cable, or Ethernet. The figure below displays the typical small network.

The small network also requires the same skills as managing a more extensive network. The main work in the small network is maintenance and troubleshooting after the one-time equipment installation. The network administrator must secure devices and information on the network.

Device Selection for a Small Network

These networks also require planning and design according to the user’s needs. Network planning ensures the user’s requirements, the network’s cost, and implementation options. For a small network implementation, the type of intermediate devices is essential for the design. Some important factors require measurement for the selection of intermediate devices.

Type of Intermediate Devices

For implementing a small network, the first design consideration is the type of intermediate devices that must be used in the network. While selecting intermediate devices, some factors need to be measured.

Cost

The capacity and features of the intermediate devices decide their price. The capacity of the intermediate device is based on the number and types of ports available. The network management capabilities, embedded security technologies, and advanced switching technologies also affect the cost of the devices. The cost of cable that connects all network devices is also considered. Redundancy is another reason that affects the cost of the network.

Ports/Interfaces Speed and Types

The interface and port choice on intermediate devices router or switch) is an important decision. Some computers have built-in 1 Gb/s NICs. 10 Gb/s ports are available on newer computers, workstations, and servers. It is too expensive to accommodate increased speed on Layer 2 devices that allow the network to evolve without replacing central devices.

Expandability

Both fixed and modular types of network devices are available. Fixed devices have a fixed number and type of ports or interfaces available, which cannot be changed, while modular devices have expansion slots that give the flexibility to add new modules per requirements. Switches are also available with extra ports for high-speed links.

Operating System Features and Services

The operating system feature usually depends on the version of the operating system. A network device usually supports features and services, such as:

• Quality of Service (QoS)
• Security
• Voice over IP (VoIP)
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
• Network Address Translation (NAT)
• Layer 3 switching

Other Requirements

Assess Requirements:

• Determine the number of users and devices connected to the network.
• Identify the types of devices (computers, printers, phones, etc.) that must be integrated.
• Consider future scalability needs.

Choose Networking Equipment:

• Select a reliable router capable of handling the network load and supporting advanced features like VPN, Quality of Service (QoS), and firewall.
• Decide whether to use wired (Ethernet), wireless (Wi-Fi) connections, or both.
• Purchase network switches if you have multiple wired devices to connect.
• Consider additional network equipment, such as access points for extending wireless coverage.

Internet Connectivity:

• Choose an appropriate Internet Service Provider (ISP) and subscription plan based on your business’s bandwidth requirements.
• Install and configure the modem provided by your ISP to connect to the internet.

Network Security:

• Implement strong password policies for all devices and Wi-Fi networks.
• Set up a firewall to protect against unauthorized access and external threats.
• Install and regularly update antivirus and antimalware software on all devices.
• Consider implementing a Virtual Private Network (VPN) for secure remote access.

Network Configuration:

• Configure the router with appropriate network settings such as IP addresses, subnet masks, and DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) settings.
• Set up Wi-Fi networks with secure encryption (WPA2/WPA3) and strong passwords.
• Assign static IP addresses to critical devices if needed.
• Create network shares and permissions for file sharing if required.

Backup and Data Storage:

• Set up a backup solution to regularly back up important business data.
• Consider using network-attached storage (NAS) devices for centralized data storage and easy access.

Remote Access and Monitoring:

• Set up remote access tools or VPN for employees who need to work from outside the office.
• Implement network monitoring tools to track network performance, detect issues, and troubleshoot problems proactively.

Documentation and Maintenance:

• Document the network configuration, including IP addresses, passwords, and network topology.
• Establish a schedule for regular network maintenance tasks such as firmware updates, security patches, and backups.
• Train employees on network usage policies and security best practices.

Testing and Troubleshooting:

• Conduct thorough testing of the network to ensure all devices can connect and communicate properly.
• Prepare troubleshooting procedures and resources for addressing common network issues.

Compliance and Regulations:

• Ensure compliance with relevant data protection regulations such as GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) or HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) if applicable to your business.