Mujtaba Khattak
Mujtaba Khattak is a network solutions architect specializing in SD-WAN, cloud infrastructure, and network optimization. He holds a BS in Artificial Intelligence from SZABIST, an MBA from Virtual University (VU), and Cisco certifications (CCNA and CCNP). As the founder of NetworkUstad.com, He produce technical guides and tutorials on networking, cybersecurity, and AI applications.
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Explained
Every device on a network has both an IP address and a MAC address, and something has to bridge the two. That’s the job of the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP): mapping a known IP address to the MAC address a device actually needs to build an Ethernet frame. This guide covers exactly how that resolution...
Media Access Control Methods Explained: CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA, Token Passing, and Polling
Whenever more than one device shares a physical network medium, something has to decide who gets to transmit and when. That’s the job of a Media Access Control (MAC) method: a set of rules, implemented at the data link layer, that governs how devices gain and control access to shared network media. Without one, two...