Muhammad Khattak
Routing and switching specialist, CCNA certified, with extensive experience in network configuration and troubleshooting. Covers OSPF, EIGRP, VLAN management, and advanced routing concepts.
Reported Distance and Feasible Distance in EIGRP: Navigating the Routing Landscape
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is a robust solution for efficient routing in computer networks. As networks become complex, understanding the intricacies of EIGRP metrics becomes crucial. Among these metrics, reported and feasible distances are pivotal in determining the optimal routes. What is EIGRP? EIGRP, or Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol, is a sophisticated...
Decoding Enigmatic Apipa Addresses: Unraveling the Significance and Mechanism
In the expansive domain of computer interconnection, where each apparatus hinges on an exclusive identifier for interaction, the Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) protocol assumes a pivotal role. Grasping APIPA becomes paramount for diagnosing network quandaries, and in this discourse, we shall plunge into the intricacies of APIPA addresses, probing into their purpose, recognition, merits...
Hierarchical Network Design
Physical and Logical Addresses A person’s name is typically a constant identifier, much like a MAC address in computer networking. A MAC address is a unique, hardware-based identifier assigned to a network interface card (NIC) and remains unchanged regardless of where the host is connected on the network. It serves as the host’s physical address,...
Connection Interruptions: Understanding and Troubleshooting Network Issues
In today’s digital age, a reliable internet connection Interruptions is crucial for various aspects of our lives, from work to entertainment. However, we’ve all experienced that frustrating moment when the message “Your connection was interrupted” pops up on our screens. In this article, we will delve into the reasons behind connection interruptions and explore practical...
Ethernet in Computer Networks: The Backbone of Modern Connectivity 2023
Introduction; The bulk of wired local area networks (LANs) in use today are supported by Ethernet, a fundamental technology sometimes referred to as the workhorse of computer networks. Ethernet has changed dramatically since its introduction in the 1970s, always adjusting to meet the ever-increasing demands of contemporary networking. This essay will examine Ethernet’s fundamental function...
Backup Servers Are Essential for Protecting Your Data
Data is vital to both individuals and organisations in the current digital era. On our electronic devices, we keep an ever-growing amount of data, ranging from significant documents to priceless memories. However, there is a chance of data loss associated with this convenience. Backup servers become the unsung heroes of data protection at this point....
Cisco CCNP RS – Learning Summary of EIGRP
EIGRP is the abbreviation of Enhanced Internal Gateway Routing Protocol. It is a unique protocol of Cisco and can only run on Cisco devices. Therefore, unlike OSPF and RIP, EIGRP has special RFC documents. Its predecessor is IGRP. Of course, it is similar to IGRP only in the calculation of metric value, and it is...
Input and Output Streams
Most network engineers have been trained to think about output the wrong way. Throughput graphs show green, link utilization sits at 40%, and yet users file tickets about sluggish applications. The gap between what the network delivers and what applications actually receive is not a metric problem—it is a fundamental misunderstanding of what output means...
Beauty Of Kashmir- Srinagar
The Dal Lake houseboat, connected to the mainland by a shaky wooden plank, has internet. Not just any internet — a fiber-to-the-home connection pushing 50 Mbps symmetrical, provided by a local ISP that routes traffic through a BGP peering arrangement with a Tier-2 provider in Delhi. This is Srinagar in 2026, a city where 14th-century...
Static Mapping command Examination
We earlier discussed that Cisco routers support all network layer protocols over Frame Relay. We also know that the address-to-DLCI mapping can be accomplished both by dynamic or static mapping. Frame Relay static mapping ever depends on the network needs. To map between a next-hop protocol address and a DLCI destination address, the following command...