Category: CCNA

Cisco Certified Network Associate certification resources

Pie chart showing Fixed-Length Subnet Masking (FLSM) with eight equal subnets labeled Net-0 to Net-7 in blue gradients
CCNA August 27, 2019

Fixed-Length Subnet Masking (FLSM) Exclusive Explanation

Fixed-Length Subnet Masking (FLSM), also known as traditional or classful subnetting, is a foundational concept in IP addressing that CCNA students must master before advancing to more efficient techniques like VLSM in CCNP. In FLSM, an equal number of addresses is allocated to each subnet using a uniform mask length, which simplifies routing in internal...
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Network diagram showing CIDR route summarization with multiple routers and aggregated IP networks.
CCNA August 27, 2019

What is Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)

The IETF introduced RFC 1517 in 1993, introducing classless inter-domain routing (CIDR). The CIDR replaced the old classful network assignments. The classful address has now become obsolete due to the CIDR scheme. The CIDR network address is determined by the subnet mask instead of the value of the address’s first octet. The network and host...
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CCNA August 27, 2019

IPv4 Classful Network Exclusive Explanation

A classful network is a network addressing architecture used in networks since 1981. RFCs 790 and 791, released in 1981, describe how IPv4 network addresses were primarily allocated based on a classification system. The authors of IPv4 addresses set up three classes of network addresses: class A, B, and C for different network sizes. Classful...
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Diagram of Router1 with directly connected static IPv6 route and routing table
CCNA August 27, 2019

Configure a Directly Connected Static IPv6 Route

The directly connected static IPv6 route is the best routing solution when CEF is not working on the router. In the old Cisco IOs before 12.0 versions, this is the best solution to avoid recursive routing. It is also the best in point-to-point networks. It is also the best alternative to using the next-hop IPv6...
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Cisco router show ipv6 route command output displaying static next-hop IPv6 routes
CCNA August 27, 2019

Static IPv6 Route Using Next-Hop IPv6 Address

Only the IP address of the next-hop IPv6 is specified in the next-hop static IPv6 route. The exit interface is derived from the next hop. For example, in Figure 1, three next-hop static routes are configured on Router 0. Before forwarding any packet, the router must resolve the route to determine the exit interface to...
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IPv6 static route configuration commands on Cisco router CLI
CCNA August 26, 2019

What is IPv6 route Command? – Brief Explanation

If you learn how to configure a static route for IPv4, then you can easily configure and understand the static IPv6 routes. The configuration and syntax for IPv6 static routes are similar to IPv4 static routes. There is only a minor difference between IPv4 and IPv6 static routes. The static routes for IPv6 are configured using the...
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Network diagram showing Router1 configured with a default static route via FastEthernet0/1 to Router2, including 'ip route' command and 'show ip route' output with 'S*' entry.
CCNA August 26, 2019

How to configure Default Route

A default static route is a route that represents any network, not in the routing table of that router. Routers normally use default routes that are configured locally or learned from another router, using a dynamic routing protocol. A default route is used when there are no other routes that match in the routing table...
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Network diagram of Router1 with directly connected static routes to 192.168.10.0/24 and 192.168.30.0/24 via FastEthernet interfaces, showing configuration commands and routing table.
CCNA August 26, 2019

How to Configure Directly Connected Static Route

Another way to configure a static route is to use the exit interface to specify the next-hop address. Before the CEF, this method was used to avoid the recursive lookup problem. But now the CEF resolves the recursive lookup problem. In Figure 1, the same topology that we already discussed in the previous lesson is...
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Diagram illustrating the configuration of a static route with a next-hop address between Router0 and Router1, showing the 'ip route' command and routing table entry.
CCNA August 26, 2019

How to Configure Static Route with Next-Hop Address (Updated 2025)

Static routing is a fundamental skill for network engineers, essential for directing traffic in small to medium-sized networks or as a backup in dynamic routing environments. For students, understanding how to configure static routes using next-hop addresses is critical for mastering Cisco router configurations. In this lesson, you’ll learn how to configure static routes, understand...
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