Fixed-Length Subnet Masking (FLSM), also known as traditional or classful subnetting, is a foundational concept in IP addressing that CCNA students must master before advancing to more efficient techniques like VLSM in CCNP. In FLSM, an equal number of addresses is allocated to each subnet using a uniform mask length, which simplifies routing in internal… Read more
Fixed-Length Subnet Masking (FLSM) Exclusive Explanation Read More »
The IETF introduced RFC 1517 in 1993, introducing classless inter-domain routing (CIDR). The CIDR replaced the old classful network assignments. The classful address has now become obsolete due to the CIDR scheme. The CIDR network address is determined by the subnet mask instead of the value of the address’s first octet. The network and host
A classful network is a network addressing architecture used in networks since 1981. RFCs 790 and 791, released in 1981, describe how IPv4 network addresses were primarily allocated based on a classification system. The authors of IPv4 addresses set up three classes of network addresses: class A, B, and C for different network sizes. Classful
The directly connected static IPv6 route is the best routing solution when CEF is not working on the router. In the old Cisco IOs before 12.0 versions, this is the best solution to avoid recursive routing. It is also the best in point-to-point networks. It is also the best alternative to using the next-hop IPv6
Configure a Directly Connected Static IPv6 Route Read More »
Only the IP address of the next-hop IPv6 is specified in the next-hop static IPv6 route. The exit interface is derived from the next hop. For example, in Figure 1, three next-hop static routes are configured on Router 0. Before forwarding any packet, the router must resolve the route to determine the exit interface to
As we already discussed, what is a Next-Hop in the Network? The article is a routing term for the next neighboring router that a data packet can go through. The IPv6 route next-hop is along with a series of routers connected simultaneously in a network, and is the next possible destination for a data packet.
If you learn how to configure a static route for IPv4, then you can easily configure and understand the static IPv6 routes. The configuration and syntax for IPv6 static routes are similar to IPv4 static routes. There is only a minor difference between IPv4 and IPv6 static routes. The static routes for IPv6 are configured using the
A default static route is a route that represents any network, not in the routing table of that router. Routers normally use default routes that are configured locally or learned from another router, using a dynamic routing protocol. A default route is used when there are no other routes that match in the routing table
Another way to configure a static route is to use the exit interface to specify the next-hop address. Before the CEF, this method was used to avoid the recursive lookup problem. But now the CEF resolves the recursive lookup problem. In Figure 1, the same topology that we already discussed in the previous lesson is
How to Configure Directly Connected Static Route Read More »
Static routing is a fundamental skill for network engineers, essential for directing traffic in small to medium-sized networks or as a backup in dynamic routing environments. For students, understanding how to configure static routes using next-hop addresses is critical for mastering Cisco router configurations. In this lesson, you’ll learn how to configure static routes, understand
How to Configure Static Route with Next-Hop Address (Updated 2025) Read More »