CCNA
Cisco Certified Network Associate certification resources
NCP Explained
When a PPP link has been initiated, the LCP passes control to the appropriate Network Control Protocol (NCP). NCP is a set of protocols that form part of PPP. PPP is a data link layer protocol that can transmit multiprotocol data between two point-to-point. PPP’s modular model allows LCP to set up the link and...
PPP session
When two devices are first turned on, there is no physical layer connection between them. Once the connection is made, the link can continue to establish a PPP session. There are three phases of establishing a PPP session: Phase 1: Link establishment and configuration negotiation Before PPP exchanges any network layer datagrams, such as IP,...
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) Components – Exclusive Defination
A layered architecture is a logical model that aids communication between interconnecting layers. We can map the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) layer model with the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model. Both Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) and OSI models share the same physical layer although the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) distributes the functions of Link Control Protocol (LCP) and...
PPP Overview
PPP is WAN encapsulation protocol that was built in the 1990s. It is an open standard protocol so the protocol can be used with all vendors. Point to Point Protocol can work with Synchronous serial connection, Asynchronous serial connection, High-Speed Serial Interfaces (HSSI), ISDN interfaces (BRI and PRI) telephone lines, trunk lines, cellular telephones, specialized...
HDLC Encapsulation Protocol
Earlier in the previous article, I have discussed that HDLC is the default encapsulation protocol type on point-to-point connections, dedicated links, and circuit-switched links when the link uses two Cisco devices. It is a synchronous Data Link layer bit-oriented protocol originally developed from the Synchronous Data Link Protocol (SDLC) and became standardized by ISO as...
WAN Encapsulation Protocols
The network layer passes the data to the data link layer for transmission over the physical layer. The Data Link layer creates frames by adding the necessary checks and controls around the Network layer data. The encapsulation on a router serial interface must be configured to guarantee the correct encapsulation method is used. Different WAN...
Serial Cable
Serial cable is used to interconnect DTEs and DCEs. The DCEs are data communication equipment that generates or receives data, and the DCEs are data communication equipment that only relays data. There are two types of cables: one for connecting a DTE to a DCE and another for connecting two DTEs directly. The DTE/DCE interface...
Statistical Time-Division Multiplexing (STDM)
Statistical time-division multiplexing (STDM) shares a communication like TDM, but like the TDM, the time slots are not allocated to any channel. In the case of TDM, time slots are allocated to channels and reserved even if there is no data to send. This allocation is just a waste of bandwidth, and Statistical time-division multiplexing...
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
Multiplexing is a technique that allows multiple logical signals to share a single physical channel. The two common types of multiplexing are time-division multiplexing (TDM) and statistical time-division multiplexing (STDM). In this article, I am going to discuss the time-division multiplexing. Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) transmits more than one streaming digital signal over a common...
Point to Point Communication Links
Usually, a point to Point links is used when permanent dedicated connections are required. It is a pre-established WAN communications path connection, which can securely connect two or more locations for private data services. The point to point links is available with different standards and different speed including T1 lines, Ethernet or DS3. Enterpriser usually...