2019 » NetworkUstad

Network topology diagram illustrating default route propagation in RIP with Router0 connected to a web server and propagating to Router1 and Router2 via RIP protocol.

CCNA August 29, 2019

Propagating a Default Route in RIP: Step-by-Step Cisco Configuration Guide (Updated 2025)

Propagating a default route in RIP is a key feature of the Routing Information Protocol (RIP), a distance-vector routing protocol commonly used in small networks. It uses hop count as its metric and is suitable for CCNA-level studies, where understanding basic dynamic routing is key. A default route (0.0.0.0/0), also known as the gateway of...

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Diagram showing RIP passive interface configuration with Router0 connected to a LAN and Router1, marking FastEthernet 0/1 as passive to stop updates, including configuration commands.

CCNA August 27, 2019

How to Configure RIP Passive Interface

By default, the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) sends routing table updates every 30 seconds on all enabled interfaces. In RIP version 1 (RIPv1), these are broadcasts to 255.255.255.255, while RIP version 2 (RIPv2) uses multicasts to 224.0.0.9. However, updates should only be sent on interfaces connected to other RIP-enabled routers to avoid unnecessary traffic. This...

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Diagram of Routing Information Protocol (RIP) network topology showing hop count metric, maximum 15 hops, and periodic route exchanges between routers connected via Ethernet interfaces to networks 192.168.1.0/24 and 192.168.2.0/24.

CCNA August 27, 2019

How to Configure Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a dynamic routing protocol that defines a way for routers to connect different networks using the Internet Protocol (IP) to share information about how to route traffic among these other networks. The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) uses hop count as a routing metric to determine the best path between the source and...

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Pie chart showing Fixed-Length Subnet Masking (FLSM) with eight equal subnets labeled Net-0 to Net-7 in blue gradients

CCNA August 27, 2019

Fixed-Length Subnet Masking (FLSM) Exclusive Explanation

Fixed-Length Subnet Masking (FLSM), also known as traditional or classful subnetting, is a foundational concept in IP addressing that CCNA students must master before advancing to more efficient techniques like VLSM in CCNP. In FLSM, an equal number of addresses is allocated to each subnet using a uniform mask length, which simplifies routing in internal...

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Network diagram showing CIDR route summarization with multiple routers and aggregated IP networks.

CCNA August 27, 2019

What is Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)

The IETF introduced RFC 1517 in 1993, introducing classless inter-domain routing (CIDR). The CIDR replaced the old classful network assignments. The classful address has now become obsolete due to the CIDR scheme. The CIDR network address is determined by the subnet mask instead of the value of the address’s first octet. The network and host...

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CCNA August 27, 2019

IPv4 Classful Network Exclusive Explanation

A classful network is a network addressing architecture used in networks since 1981. RFCs 790 and 791, released in 1981, describe how IPv4 network addresses were primarily allocated based on a classification system. The authors of IPv4 addresses set up three classes of network addresses: class A, B, and C for different network sizes. Classful...

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Diagram of Router1 with directly connected static IPv6 route and routing table

CCNA August 27, 2019

Configure a Directly Connected Static IPv6 Route

The directly connected static IPv6 route is the best routing solution when CEF is not working on the router. In the old Cisco IOs before 12.0 versions, this is the best solution to avoid recursive routing. It is also the best in point-to-point networks. It is also the best alternative to using the next-hop IPv6...

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Cisco router show ipv6 route command output displaying static next-hop IPv6 routes

CCNA August 27, 2019

Static IPv6 Route Using Next-Hop IPv6 Address

Only the IP address of the next-hop IPv6 is specified in the next-hop static IPv6 route. The exit interface is derived from the next hop. For example, in Figure 1, three next-hop static routes are configured on Router 0. Before forwarding any packet, the router must resolve the route to determine the exit interface to...

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Network topology diagram illustrating IPv6 routing configurations with routers, switches, and laptops, including CLI commands for adding static routes on Router0.

CCNA August 27, 2019

Master IPv6 Route Next-Hop Option? – Eliminate Routing Blind Spots for Superior Connectivity

As we already discussed, what is a Next-Hop in the Network? The article is a routing term for the next neighboring router that a data packet can go through. The IPv6 route next-hop is along with a series of routers connected simultaneously in a network, and is the next possible destination for a data packet....

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IPv6 static route configuration commands on Cisco router CLI

CCNA August 26, 2019

What is IPv6 route Command? – Brief Explanation

If you learn how to configure a static route for IPv4, then you can easily configure and understand the static IPv6 routes. The configuration and syntax for IPv6 static routes are similar to IPv4 static routes. There is only a minor difference between IPv4 and IPv6 static routes. The static routes for IPv6 are configured using the...

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Year: 2019

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