Author: Asad Ijaz

NetworkUstad's lead networking architect with CCIE certification. Specializes in CCNA exam preparation and enterprise network design. Authored 2,800+ technical guides on Cisco systems, BGP routing, and network security protocols since 2018. Picture this: I'm not just someone who writes about tech; I'm a certified expert in the field. I proudly hold the titles of Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP) and Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA). So, when I talk about networking, I'm not just whistling in the dark; I know my stuff! My website is like a treasure trove of knowledge. You'll find a plethora of articles and tutorials covering a wide range of topics related to networking and cybersecurity. It's not just a website; it's a learning hub for anyone who's eager to dive into the world of bits, bytes, and secure connections. And here's a fun fact: I'm not a lone wolf in this journey. I'm a proud member and Editor of Team NetworkUstad. Together, we're on a mission to empower people with the knowledge they need to navigate the digital landscape safely and effectively. So, if you're ready to embark on a tech-savvy adventure, stick around with me, Asad Ijaz Khattak. We're going to unravel the mysteries of technology, one article at a time!"

CCNA August 18, 2019

What is VLAN Attacks – Brief Explanation

In the previous article, I explained how trunks work. By default, trunk ports can use all VLANs and pass traffic for multiple VLANs across the same physical link between switches. The VLAN simplifies network administration and maintenance. It also improves the performance of the network, but it has some backhaul for hackers which is necessary...
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CCNA August 18, 2019

What are Trunk Links? Common Problem and Troubleshooting

Trunk links are a common problem that mostly occurs due to incorrect configurations. Troubleshooting trunk links problems is a common task in networking. If a problem with a trunk is found and the cause is unknown, first, check the trunks for a native VLAN mismatch. If the native VLAN is correct, then check for trunk...
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CCNA August 18, 2019

Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP) Explained

The Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP) is a Cisco proprietary protocol used to negotiate trunking between Cisco switches. For CCNA and CCNP students, understanding DTP is crucial for configuring and troubleshooting VLAN trunk links in enterprise networks. DTP simplifies the process of establishing trunk connections by automatically negotiating whether a link should operate in trunk or...
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Diagram comparing flat Layer 2 network design with hierarchical switched LAN architecture, featuring VLAN segmentation and optimized traffic flow.
CCNA August 18, 2019

Master SVI and VLAN Addressing Issues (Updated 2025)

Each VLAN in the network requires a unique IP subnet because two devices in the same VLAN with different subnet addresses cannot communicate. This is a common problem during VLAN configuration, and we can solve it by identifying the incorrect IP address configuration and changing the address to the correct one. For example, if you...
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Diagram illustrating VLAN trunking configuration on Cisco switches, showing a trunk link between two switches with port details and configuration steps.
CCNA August 17, 2019

Master VLAN Trunking: Discover the Power of Seamless Networking with our 2025 Guide

VLAN trunking is a critical networking concept that allows multiple VLANs to traverse a single link between network devices, such as switches or routers. By enabling communication between devices in the same VLAN across different switches without requiring a router, trunking enhances network efficiency and scalability. For CCNA and CCNP students, understanding VLAN trunking is...
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CCNA August 16, 2019

Master VLAN Configuration in Cisco Switches – Updated 2025

Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) are a fundamental concept in network engineering, allowing network administrators to segment a physical network into multiple logical networks. This segmentation enhances security, optimizes traffic flow, and simplifies network management. For CCNA and CCNP students, mastering VLAN configuration on Cisco switches is critical, as it forms the backbone of many...
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Diagram illustrating VLAN ID ranges on Cisco Catalyst switches, showing normal VLAN range from 1 to 1005 with reserved VLANs 1002-1005, and extended VLAN range from 1006 to 4094.
CCNA August 16, 2019

Introduction to VLAN ID Range – Exclusive Explanation (Updated 2025)

Cisco Catalyst switches support a VLAN ID Range from 1 to 4094, divided into normal (1-1005) and extended (1006-4094) ranges. The normal range suits small to enterprise networks, with VLANs 1002-1005 reserved for Token Ring and FDDI, and cannot be removed. Extended ranges, stored in the running-config, support service providers but offer fewer features and...
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Close-up of Ethernet cables with text overlay about tagging Ethernet frames for VLAN identification.
CCNA August 13, 2019

VLAN Identification – Your Ultimate Guide to Master VLAN Tagging (Updated 2025)

Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) are a cornerstone of modern network design, enabling segmentation, security, and efficient traffic management in Ethernet networks. For CCNA and CCNP students, mastering VLAN tagging for VLAN identification, particularly the IEEE 802.1Q standard, is essential for configuring and troubleshooting Cisco switches. This article explores VLAN tagging, native VLANs, and voice...
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CCNA August 13, 2019

Controlling Broadcast Domains – Unlock Powerful Network Efficiency Now! 2025 Guide

Network without VLANs Controlling Broadcast Domains is essential for optimizing network performance, especially in environments where broadcast traffic can overwhelm resources. In the default configuration, when a switch receives a broadcast frame on its ingress ports, it forwards the frame out all ports, excluding the port where the frame was received. Because the whole network...
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Diagram illustrating VLANs across three floors with Sales, Management, and IT departments connected via switches Sw1, Sw2, and Sw3.
CCNA August 13, 2019

Master Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs)- Defeat Traffic Issues Effectively! 2025 Guide

Separation of the large broadcast domain into smaller ones improves network performance. By design, routers block broadcast traffic. But routers usually have a limited number of LAN interfaces. A router’s main role is to move data between different networks. Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) enhance network performance by segmenting large broadcast domains into smaller, manageable...
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