How to Encapsulate OSPF MessagesAugust 31, 2019By Asad Ijaz Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) runs over the Internet Protocol’s network layer. So, Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) encapsulated only... Read More
Master OSPF Packets Type: Essential Knowledge for Cisco Certification (Updated 2025)August 31, 2019By Asad Ijaz Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a powerful link-state routing protocol widely used in enterprise networks and a key topic... Read More
Introduction to Single-Area OSPF and Multi-Area OSPFAugust 31, 2019By Asad Ijaz Because of its hierarchical design, OSPF is more efficient and scalable. The OSPF segments the network into different areas. An... Read More
Link State Operation – Exclusive ExplanationAugust 31, 2019By Asad Ijaz Link state is the most used routing protocol; therefore, the link state operation is essential for networking students. In this... Read More
Introduction to Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)August 31, 2019By Asad Ijaz Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a link-state routing protocol replacing distance vector routing protocol, RIP. RIP was acceptable in... Read More
Best Route, Routing Table Terms, and Lookup ProcessAugust 30, 2019By Asad Ijaz The best route is the longest match route to the destination IP address. The route lookup process matches the destination... Read More
What is the Routing Table EntriesAugust 30, 2019By Asad Ijaz The routers are typically responsible for directing traffic across multiple networks. Each router maintains a list of known networks and... Read More
Protocols that Use Link-StateAugust 30, 2019By Asad Ijaz Only two routing protocols use link-state: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS). Open Shortest... Read More
Advantages and Disadvantages of Link-StateAugust 30, 2019By Asad Ijaz Link-state routing protocols have several advantages and disadvantages compared to distance vector routing protocols. This article will discuss these advantages... Read More