Category: CCNA

Cisco Certified Network Associate certification resources

Diagram comparing flat Layer 2 network design with hierarchical switched LAN architecture, featuring VLAN segmentation and optimized traffic flow.
CCNA August 18, 2019

Master SVI and VLAN Addressing Issues (Updated 2025)

Each VLAN in the network requires a unique IP subnet because two devices in the same VLAN with different subnet addresses cannot communicate. This is a common problem during VLAN configuration, and we can solve it by identifying the incorrect IP address configuration and changing the address to the correct one. For example, if you...
Asad Ijaz Read More
Diagram illustrating VLAN trunking configuration on Cisco switches, showing a trunk link between two switches with port details and configuration steps.
CCNA August 17, 2019

Master VLAN Trunking: Discover the Power of Seamless Networking with our 2025 Guide

VLAN trunking is a critical networking concept that allows multiple VLANs to traverse a single link between network devices, such as switches or routers. By enabling communication between devices in the same VLAN across different switches without requiring a router, trunking enhances network efficiency and scalability. For CCNA and CCNP students, understanding VLAN trunking is...
Asad Ijaz Read More
CCNA August 16, 2019

Master VLAN Configuration in Cisco Switches – Updated 2025

Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) are a fundamental concept in network engineering, allowing network administrators to segment a physical network into multiple logical networks. This segmentation enhances security, optimizes traffic flow, and simplifies network management. For CCNA and CCNP students, mastering VLAN configuration on Cisco switches is critical, as it forms the backbone of many...
Asad Ijaz Read More
Diagram illustrating VLAN ID ranges on Cisco Catalyst switches, showing normal VLAN range from 1 to 1005 with reserved VLANs 1002-1005, and extended VLAN range from 1006 to 4094.
CCNA August 16, 2019

Introduction to VLAN ID Range – Exclusive Explanation (Updated 2025)

Cisco Catalyst switches support a VLAN ID Range from 1 to 4094, divided into normal (1-1005) and extended (1006-4094) ranges. The normal range suits small to enterprise networks, with VLANs 1002-1005 reserved for Token Ring and FDDI, and cannot be removed. Extended ranges, stored in the running-config, support service providers but offer fewer features and...
Asad Ijaz Read More
Close-up of Ethernet cables with text overlay about tagging Ethernet frames for VLAN identification.
CCNA August 13, 2019

VLAN Identification – Your Ultimate Guide to Master VLAN Tagging (Updated 2025)

Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) are a cornerstone of modern network design, enabling segmentation, security, and efficient traffic management in Ethernet networks. For CCNA and CCNP students, mastering VLAN tagging for VLAN identification, particularly the IEEE 802.1Q standard, is essential for configuring and troubleshooting Cisco switches. This article explores VLAN tagging, native VLANs, and voice...
Asad Ijaz Read More
CCNA August 13, 2019

Controlling Broadcast Domains – Unlock Powerful Network Efficiency Now! 2025 Guide

Network without VLANs Controlling Broadcast Domains is essential for optimizing network performance, especially in environments where broadcast traffic can overwhelm resources. In the default configuration, when a switch receives a broadcast frame on its ingress ports, it forwards the frame out all ports, excluding the port where the frame was received. Because the whole network...
Asad Ijaz Read More
Diagram illustrating VLANs across three floors with Sales, Management, and IT departments connected via switches Sw1, Sw2, and Sw3.
CCNA August 13, 2019

Master Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs)- Defeat Traffic Issues Effectively! 2025 Guide

Separation of the large broadcast domain into smaller ones improves network performance. By design, routers block broadcast traffic. But routers usually have a limited number of LAN interfaces. A router’s main role is to move data between different networks. Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) enhance network performance by segmenting large broadcast domains into smaller, manageable...
Asad Ijaz Read More
CCNA August 13, 2019

Data Frame Forwarding: Master Efficient Network Switching Techniques (Updated 2025)

Ethernet switching is a cornerstone of modern networking, enabling efficient data transfer in local area networks (LANs). For CCNA and CCNP students, understanding switching methods like store-and-forward and cut-through is critical for designing and troubleshooting networks. This article explores the evolution from Ethernet bridges to advanced LAN switches, focusing on frame forwarding techniques, their characteristics,...
Asad Ijaz Read More
Network diagram showing a switch with eight ports connected to various hosts. A broadcast envelope icon is positioned above the switch, and a MAC address table below lists seven destination MAC addresses with assigned ports.
CCNA August 12, 2019

Master Switching Concepts: Unlock Efficient Data Flow (Updated 2025)

This article clarifies switching concepts, a cornerstone of networking and telecommunications, used in LANs, WANs, and PSTN with Cisco switches. Switching and frame forwarding rely on ingress ports and destination MAC addresses, managed via the MAC address table (CAM table) on Cisco Catalyst switches. For CCNA and CCNP students, mastering these concepts is essential for...
Asad Ijaz Read More
A diagram illustrating the evolution from a flat network to a hierarchical network. The flat network shows a single layer with multiple interconnected devices, including computers, IP phones, and switches, leading to broadcast traffic issues. The hierarchical network is divided into three layers: Core Layer with high-speed switches, Distribution Layer with routing and switching devices, and Access Layer with computers and IP phones, reducing broadcast traffic and improving efficiency.
CCNA August 12, 2019

Master Switched Networks for CCNA/CCNP Success (Updated 2025)

A few years ago, flat Layer 2 switched networks, relying on Ethernet hubs and repeaters, were the standard for campus LANs, broadcasting traffic inefficiently. The shift to switched LANs, as shown in Figure 1, introduced hierarchical designs using Cisco Catalyst switches, enabling traffic management, scalability, and advanced features. For CCNA and CCNP students, understanding this...
Asad Ijaz Read More
Forum