OSPF

Facebook Bgp Architecture - Why Facebook Runs Bgp Everywhere — Even Inside Its Data Centers
AI Technology

Why Facebook Runs BGP Everywhere — Even Inside Its Data Centers

An in-depth technical look at Facebook's network infrastructure, including routing protocols, open-source switching, and security architecture, with practical insights for network engineers.

Mujtaba Khattak 7 min read
Huawei Networking Equipment - The Sanctions Reality: What Engineers Actually Face In The Field
Cybersecurity

The Sanctions Reality: What Engineers Actually Face in the Field

A technical analysis of Huawei networking equipment covering VRP configuration differences, SD-WAN architecture trade-offs, MPLS VRF migration challenges, and the multi-vendor integration realities engineers face in production environments.

Mujtaba Khattak 8 min read
Bandwidth Metric - Where Bandwidth Lives In The Routing Table Decision
CCNA

Where Bandwidth Lives in the Routing Table Decision

Bandwidth metric underpins routing decisions and QoS guarantees. This article covers EIGRP composite calculation, OSPF cost, BGP limitations, and CLI troubleshooting — essential for CCNA through CCIE.

Imran saleem 7 min read
Multiaccess Latency Reduction - How Multiaccess Reduces Latency Without Additional Bandwidth
Networking

How Multiaccess Reduces Latency Without Additional Bandwidth

Multiaccess architectures reduce latency by 22% through dynamic path selection and QoS-aware transport—here’s how to implement them without instability.

osama ahmed 3 min read
Military-Grade Networking Ladakh - Why Ladakh’s Terrain Demands Military-Grade Networking
AI Technology

Why Ladakh’s Terrain Demands Military-Grade Networking

Leh Ladakh's extreme conditions drive innovations in networking, from monastery VLANs to Arctic-grade protocols.

arishekar 3 min read
Srinagar Network Engineering - How Srinagar’s Geographic Isolation Forces Network Engineering Rethinking
AI Technology

How Srinagar’s Geographic Isolation Forces Network Engineering Rethinking

How Srinagar's network engineers built a resilient infrastructure that works despite floods, snow, and geographic isolation.

Mujtaba Khattak 8 min read
Leh Ladakh
Networking

Leh Ladakh is the place to visit for a magic year 2021!

The high-altitude desert of Leh Ladakh, perched at 3,500 meters above sea level, is the only place in India where temperatures can drop to -40°C while solar radiation exceeds 1,200 W/m²—conditions that have made it a living lab for extreme-environment technology testing since the Indian Army’s 2022 winter deployment of Arctic-grade networking equipment. Why Ladakh’s...

Zia khan 3 min read
Srinagar
Networking

Beauty Of Kashmir- Srinagar

The Dal Lake houseboat, connected to the mainland by a shaky wooden plank, has internet. Not just any internet — a fiber-to-the-home connection pushing 50 Mbps symmetrical, provided by a local ISP that routes traffic through a BGP peering arrangement with a Tier-2 provider in Delhi. This is Srinagar in 2026, a city where 14th-century...

Muhammad Khattak 8 min read
Diagram Showing Delay Weighted Equally With Bandwidth In Eigrp'S Default Metric, While Ospf And Bgp Have No Native Delay Sensitivity At All
Networking

Delay Metric: How Routing Protocols Actually Use It

Delay measures the time it takes for a packet to traverse a path, and it plays a very different role depending on which routing protocol is doing the measuring. EIGRP weighs delay directly in its composite metric by default. OSPF’s cost calculation, by contrast, is purely bandwidth-based and doesn’t factor in delay at all. This...

Muhammad Khattak 8 min read
Diagram Showing How The Bandwidth Metric Is Used Differently Across Eigrp, Ospf, Qos, And Stp, With Bgp Notably Having No Native Bandwidth Metric At All
CCNA

Bandwidth Metric: How Routing Protocols and QoS Use It

A network engineer stares at a traceroute that defies logic — traffic flows across a 10 Mbps satellite link while a 1 Gbps fiber path sits idle. The root cause isn’t a hardware fault. It’s a misconfigured bandwidth metric. Across every major routing protocol and QoS framework, the bandwidth metric quietly dictates which path packets...

Muhammad Khattak 9 min read