Month: October 2019
What are the types of NAT translation? Exclusive Guide (Updated 2025)
There are three main types of NAT translation: static NAT, dynamic NAT, and port address translation (PAT). This guide is tailored for CCNA (200-301) and CCNP (ENCOR & ENARSI) students, with full Cisco IOS configurations, packet walk-throughs, verification commands, and troubleshooting tips. Static NAT Static NAT translation is also known as one-to-one NAT. Static NAT...
NAT Terminology Explained: CCNA 200-301 Must-Know Address Types
As discussed before, NAT translates private IP addresses into public IP addresses. So in the process of translation, there are different operations involved, and understanding each of them requires understanding NAT terminology. Therefore, before understanding NAT in detail, it is important to understand basic NAT terminology. In NAT terminology, the inside network is the set...
Network Address Translation (NAT) & RFC 1918 Private IPv4 Addresses – Exclusive Introduction
All public IPv4 addresses must be registered with a Regional Internet Registry (RIR). The registered holder of a public Internet address can assign these addresses to a network device. There is a maximum of 4.3 billion IPv4 addresses available. Still, with the increase of personal computing and the beginning of the World Wide Web, it...
How to Configure Stateful DHCPv6 Server
We can configure the stateful DHCPv6 server, similar to a stateless server. The difference between stateless and stateful is that a stateful server also includes IPv6 addressing information similar to a DHCPv4 server and obtains the state of the DHCP. Similar to stateless DHCPv6, we need to enable unicast routing. The command ipv6 unicast-routing enables...
Master Stateless DHCPv6 Server Configuration – A Complete Cisco Guide
Before a stateless DHCPv6 server is configured on the Cisco router, it is important to enable IPv6 unicast routing. The unicast routing is not necessary for stateless DHCPv6 servers, but it is required for RA messages due to the use of ICMPv6. In global configuration mode, we can enable the IPv6 unicast routing using the...
DHCPv6 Operation: Avoid Costly IPv6 Configuration Mistakes
Both of the stateless and stateful DHCPv6 operations are started with an ICMPv6 RA message from the router. The RA message may have been periodic or solicited by the device using an RS message. The devices start client and server communication when stateless or stateful DHCPv6 is indicated in the RA message. The DHCPv6 operation...
SLAAC and DHCPv6 – Exclusive Details
Remember that we already discussed the introduction of the SLAAC and DHCPv6 in Router Advertisement (RA) messages. Now, we will briefly discuss both SLAAC and DHCPv6. Recall that the router sends a Router Advertisement (RA) message. The setting of the Router Advertisement (RA) message decides whether a client can obtain its IPv6 address information automatically...
Master Troubleshooting DHCPv4 – IP Conflicts, Relay Agents & Debug Commands
Troubleshooting DHCPv4 problems is the most important topic because of the importance of DHCP services. It is the most important service for a small, medium, and large network. In this article, we will take a look at several common DHCP errors and their solutions. DHCPv4 failure occurs due to multiple reasons, such as problems in...
Configure Router as DHCPv4 Client: Instantly Get Dynamic IP (Updated 2025)
In some cases, we need a router to be configured as DHCPv4 clients just like a client computer. But this method is not recommended for routers in an internal network. The dynamic addressing is extremely useful for routers that connect to the Internet through an ISP. We can simply connect a router using just the...