Author: Asad Ijaz

NetworkUstad's lead networking architect with CCIE certification. Specializes in CCNA exam preparation and enterprise network design. Authored 2,800+ technical guides on Cisco systems, BGP routing, and network security protocols since 2018. Picture this: I'm not just someone who writes about tech; I'm a certified expert in the field. I proudly hold the titles of Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP) and Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA). So, when I talk about networking, I'm not just whistling in the dark; I know my stuff! My website is like a treasure trove of knowledge. You'll find a plethora of articles and tutorials covering a wide range of topics related to networking and cybersecurity. It's not just a website; it's a learning hub for anyone who's eager to dive into the world of bits, bytes, and secure connections. And here's a fun fact: I'm not a lone wolf in this journey. I'm a proud member and Editor of Team NetworkUstad. Together, we're on a mission to empower people with the knowledge they need to navigate the digital landscape safely and effectively. So, if you're ready to embark on a tech-savvy adventure, stick around with me, Asad Ijaz Khattak. We're going to unravel the mysteries of technology, one article at a time!"

Visual breakdown of IP address components: Network Prefix, Network ID, Broadcast ID, and Host Address explained with examples.
CCNA June 25, 2019

Mastering Host Address, Network Prefix, Network ID, and Broadcast ID in 2025

This article, “Mastering Prefix, Network ID, Broadcast ID, and Host Address” is the continuation of my previous articles about the IP address, which are the following: IP address Classes- Exclusive Explanation Positional Number System and Examples (Updated 2025) Network and Host Portion of IPv4 Address So, you need to study the above article to understand...
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Visual diagram comparing decimal, binary, and hexadecimal positional number systems with place value examples.
CCNA June 19, 2019

Positional Number System and Examples (Updated 2025)

In a positional number system, each symbol represents a different value depending on the position it occupies in a number, and each system has a value that relates to the number directly next to it. The total value of a positional number is the total of the resultant value of all positions. The decimal number...
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A table showing IP address classes with details for CCNA and networking students.
CCNA June 18, 2019

Mastering IPv4 Address Classes with Confidence: 2025 Guide

The IPv4 address is an identifying number for network devices. It is similar to a home or business address, which supplies that specific physical location with a particular address. Devices on a network are differentiated from one another through IPv4 addresses. In 2025, understanding IPv4 addressing is critical for CCNA preparation and managing networks with...
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Cisco Router Interface Configuration : Close-up of a Cisco router with Ethernet interfaces, connected cables, and CLI interface configuration commands on a monitor.
CCNA June 17, 2019

Cisco Router Interface Configuration: CLI Guide, IPv6 Setup & Troubleshooting (2025 Update)

Properly configuring Cisco router interfaces is critical for network performance, security, and scalability. Whether you’re setting up an essential LAN connection or advanced IPv6 routing, this guide covers CLI commands, real-world labs, and troubleshooting tips updated for Cisco IOS XE 2024. We can categorize Cisco Interfaces Physical Interfaces: GigabitEthernet, Serial, FastEthernet, etc. Logical Interfaces: Loopback,...
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Cisco IOS configuration modes CLI example: Privileged EXEC to Global Configuration Mode transition.
CCNA June 13, 2019

Cisco IOS Command Modes Explained: User EXEC, Privileged EXEC, and Global Configuration Modes (2024 Guide)

Introduction – Cisco IOS Command Modes Cisco IOS devices use hierarchical command modes to control access and prevent accidental misconfigurations. Whether you’re managing a router, switch, or preparing for the CCNA exam, understanding these modes is critical: In addition, the Global configuration mode contains sub-configuration Modes. The figure below illustrates the Cisco IOS sub-configuration modes,...
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Cisco router interfaces quiz on a laptop screen with multiple-choice questions and CLI examples.
CCNA June 12, 2019

Cisco Router Interfaces: The Ultimate 2025 Guide for CCNA Students

Routers are the backbone of modern networks, and understanding their interfaces is the first step toward mastering network configuration. Whether preparing for the CCNA exam or managing enterprise infrastructure, this 2025 guide covers everything from legacy Ethernet ports to cutting-edge SD-WAN interfaces. In 2025, router interfaces are evolving with AI-driven traffic management and 5G backhaul, making this...
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How to Connect and Access a Cisco Router
CCNA June 11, 2019

How to Connect and Access a Cisco Router: The Ultimate 2025 Guide for CCNA Students

Connecting to a Cisco router is the first step toward mastering network configuration, a critical skill for CCNA students and aspiring network engineers. Understanding physical console access and remote SSH management is essential, whether setting up a home lab or troubleshooting enterprise networks. In 2025, mastering Cisco router connections is vital for CCNA certification and...
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Comparison diagram of in-band vs. out-of-band network management protocols in a server rack environment
CCNA June 11, 2019

In-Band and Out-of-Band Network Management: A Complete Guide for Beginners

Network Management is critical for businesses, IT teams, and even CCNA students learning the ropes. Two fundamental approaches—in-band and out-of-band (OOB) management—determine how administrators monitor, configure, and troubleshoot devices. This guide’ll break down these concepts, compare their pros and cons, and explore real-world use cases. By the end, you’ll understand when to use each method and how modern...
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