CCNA

When two devices are first turned on, there is no physical layer connection between them. Once the connection is made,...

A layered architecture is a logical model that aids communication between interconnecting layers. We can map the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)...

PPP is WAN encapsulation protocol that was built in the 1990s. It is an open standard protocol so the protocol...

Earlier in the previous article, I have discussed that HDLC is the default encapsulation protocol type on point-to-point connections, dedicated...

The network layer passes the data to the data link layer for transmission over the physical layer. The Data Link...

Serial cable is used to interconnect DTEs and DCEs. The DCEs are data communication equipment that generates or receives data,...

Statistical time-division multiplexing (STDM) shares a communication like TDM, but like the TDM, the time slots are not allocated to...

Multiplexing is a technique that allows multiple logical signals to share a single physical channel. The two common types of...

Usually, a point to Point links is used when permanent dedicated connections are required. It is a pre-established WAN communications...