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A flowchart illustrating the SMB connection process, showing a Client initiating a request, DNS resolution to an IP address, SMB connection on port 445 with TLS 1.3 encryption in green, and resource access to files and printers, including Samba support

Master Server Message Block (SMB) Protocol and Boost Your Network Skills (Updated 2025)

Posted on August 8, 2019 by Asad Ijaz

The Server Message Block (SMB) is a network protocol that allows the host to share data within the same network. It shares directories, files, printers,… Read more

A diagram illustrating the email communication process between a Client, SMTP Server-1, and SMTP Server-2. The Client sends an email to admin@networkustad.com, with an arrow showing the message transmitted to SMTP Server-1. An arrow from SMTP Server-1 to SMTP Server-2 indicates forwarding if the recipient is not local, with TLS 1.3 encryption highlighted in green, and a return arrow shows undeliverable message feedback.

Master SMTP, POP, and IMAP for Seamless Email Success (Updated 2025)

Posted on August 8, 2019 by Asad Ijaz 2 Comments

Email is one of the primary services running on the Internet. So, what application, protocol, and services are required for email? The email server stores… Read more

Master HTTP and HTML and Boost Your Skills With Our 2025 Exclusive Guide

Posted on August 8, 2019 by Asad Ijaz 1 Comment

HTTP is an abbreviation for HyperText Transfer Protocol, whereas HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. Learn About HTTP and HTML are the application-layer protocol that… Read more

Master Client-Server and Peer-to-Peer and Boost Your Skills (Updated 2025)

Posted on August 7, 2019 by Asad Ijaz 1 Comment

Client-server and Peer-to-Peer terms are often used in computer networks. Both are network models that we use in our day-to-day lives. The Client-Server model focuses… Read more

A diagram illustrating the application layer in networking, showing a conceptual flow between a client and server through a network cloud, with labels indicating various application layer protocols and their interactions.

Master Application Layer and Boost Your Skills With this Exclusive Guide (Updated 2025)

Posted on August 7, 2019 by Asad Ijaz 3 Comments

This guide applies to Windows (e.g., 10/11) and Linux (e.g., Ubuntu 22.04). Configure application layer services via Command Prompt (cmd) on Windows or terminal (Ctrl… Read more

A diagram showing the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) communication between Host A (Sender) and Host B (Receiver) via a Network cloud. Host A, labeled as Sender, sends data to Host B, labeled as Receiver, with arrows indicating the data flow through the network.

Master User Datagram Protocol (UDP) With Our Exclusive 2025 Guide

Posted on August 7, 2019 by Asad Ijaz

The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a lightweight communication protocol optimized for low-latency, loss-tolerant data transmission, ideal for Internet applications. Paired with IP (UDP/IP), it… Read more

A diagram illustrating TCP reliability and flow control between a Host and Server. It shows data divided into segments (1-7) taking different routes, arriving out of order, and being reordered by TCP for correct delivery, with color-coded segments highlighting the process.

Master TCP Reliability and Flow Control With our Exclusive Guide (Updated 2025)

Posted on August 6, 2019 by Asad Ijaz

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) accepts data, segments it into chunks with headers, and encapsulates these into IP datagrams for peer exchange. TCP Reliability and Flow… Read more

A diagram illustrating the TCP 3-way handshake between a Host and a Server. The steps include: Step-1 with Host sending SYN (Seq=x), Server receiving SYN; Step-2 with Server sending SYN ACK (Seq=x, ACK=x+1), Host receiving SYN ACK; and Step-3 with Host sending ACK (ACK=y+1), enabling data transfer with binary data shown.

Master TCP 3-Way Handshake and Boost Your Skills (Updated 2025)

Posted on August 6, 2019 by Asad Ijaz 2 Comments

The TCP 3-way handshake is also known as the TCP handshake. It contains three message handshakes or SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK. It is the method… Read more

A diagram comparing TCP connection establishment and termination between a Host and a Server. The left side shows the three-step process: Host sending SYN, Server sending SYN ACK, and Host sending ACK to establish the connection. The right side shows the four-step termination: Host sending FIN, Server sending ACK and FIN, and Host sending ACK to terminate.

Master TCP Connection Establishment and Termination – Boost Your Skills (Updated 2025)

Posted on August 5, 2019 by Asad Ijaz

All application processes on the server use unique port numbers. The network administrator can use default ports (e.g., 80 for HTTP, 21 for FTP) or… Read more

Terminal window displaying Netstat command output with active TCP connections and port statistics.

Netstat Command, Troubleshoot Connections in Seconds Exclusive 2025 Guide

Posted on August 2, 2019 by Asad Ijaz

Knowing which active TCP connections are open on a networked host is crucial, especially with the 2025 IoT growth. The netstat command is a vital… Read more