Networking
CCNA tutorials, Cisco guides, and enterprise networking insights for IT professionals.
Frame Relay Virtual Circuits (VCs) – Exclusiv Explanation
We have already discussed Frame Relay in the previous lessons. What is Frame Relay? Exclusive Introduction that it provides connection-oriented data link layer communication using a Frame Relay virtual circuit. Frame Relay Virtual Circuits (VCs) are a logical connection between two data terminal equipment (DTE) devices across a Frame Relay packet-switched network (PSN). The circuits...
How to Configure Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP)
Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) periodically checks the character of the far off hub utilizing a three-way handshake. The hostname on one switch must match the username the other switch has designed. The passwords should likewise coordinate. The password value is variable and changes unpredictably while the link exists. When the PPP link establishment phase...
Password Authentication Protocol (PAP)
PPP support different option that can be configured optionally. One of these options is authentication. The authentication option provides a method to negotiate the use of a particular protocol for Authentication. By default, authentication is not required. Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) and Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) can be used for PPP links authentication which...
PPP Configuration
Remember that HDLC is the default encapsulation protocol for Cisco routers. If PPP configuration is not done on Cisco routers, the default encapsulation will be used. To set PPP as the encapsulation method used by a serial interface we need PPP configuration on the serial interfaces. The PPP configuration for the below topology is following....
LCP Options
PPP support different option than can be configured optionally. Authentication using PAP or CHAP, Compression using either Stacker or Predictor and Multilink that combines two or more channels to increase the WAN bandwidth. To negotiate these PPP options, the LCP link-establishment frames contain option information in the data field of the LCP frame, as shown...
PPP session
When two devices are first turned on, there is no physical layer connection between them. Once the connection is made, the link can continue to establish a PPP session. There are three phases of establishing a PPP session: Phase 1: Link establishment and configuration negotiation Before PPP exchanges any network layer datagrams, such as IP,...
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) Components – Exclusive Defination
A layered architecture is a logical model that aids communication between interconnecting layers. We can map the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) layer model with the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model. Both Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) and OSI models share the same physical layer although the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) distributes the functions of Link Control Protocol (LCP) and...
PPP Overview
PPP is WAN encapsulation protocol that was built in the 1990s. It is an open standard protocol so the protocol can be used with all vendors. Point to Point Protocol can work with Synchronous serial connection, Asynchronous serial connection, High-Speed Serial Interfaces (HSSI), ISDN interfaces (BRI and PRI) telephone lines, trunk lines, cellular telephones, specialized...
HDLC Encapsulation Protocol
Earlier in the previous article, I have discussed that HDLC is the default encapsulation protocol type on point-to-point connections, dedicated links, and circuit-switched links when the link uses two Cisco devices. It is a synchronous Data Link layer bit-oriented protocol originally developed from the Synchronous Data Link Protocol (SDLC) and became standardized by ISO as...
WAN Encapsulation Protocols
The network layer passes the data to the data link layer for transmission over the physical layer. The Data Link layer creates frames by adding the necessary checks and controls around the Network layer data. The encapsulation on a router serial interface must be configured to guarantee the correct encapsulation method is used. Different WAN...