Networking
CCNA tutorials, Cisco guides, and enterprise networking insights for IT professionals.
IEEE 802.11 Standards: A Complete Guide to Wi-Fi Generations
IEEE 802.11 is the family of standards that defines how wireless local area networks (WLANs) operate. Maintained by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), these standards specify how radio frequency (RF) signals in unlicensed ISM frequency bands are used at the Physical layer and the MAC sublayer of wireless links. Every Wi-Fi device...
Radio Frequencies Exclusive
Radio frequencies refer to the rate of oscillation of electromagnetic radio waves in the range of 3 kHz to 300 GHz. This band is used for communications transmission and broadcasting. Different radio frequencies are useful for different wireless technologies. For example, some frequencies are used for radio broadcasting, and others are used for television broadcasting....
Wireless Technologies in 2025: What’s New, What’s Changed, and What’s Next
Wireless technologies refer to technology that makes it possible to communicate over a distance without using wires or any other conductors. We can use wireless technologies for both long and short distances. Wireless technologies networks are based on electromagnetic waves, such as radio frequencies (RF), infrared (IR), satellites, etc. Remember when Wi-Fi was a luxury...
What is Wireless? Exclusive Introduction
Wireless Communication is the fastest-growing and most vibrant technological area in the communication field. It can provide client mobility, the ability to connect from any location and at any time, and the ability to roam while staying connected. It is the technique of transmitting information from one point to another without using any connection like...
How to configure EtherChannel?
In this lesson, I am going to configure EtherChannel. EtherChannel in networking has a set of restrictions that state what you can do and what you cannot do. Before configure and establish the EtherChannel, it is important to know the restrictions. Here are some basic restrictions and guidelines on setting up EtherChannel: EtherChannel support– Ethernet...
EtherChannel Protocols: PAgP and LACP
EtherChannel bundles multiple physical links into a single logical link, increasing bandwidth and providing redundancy between switches. Because Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) sees the bundle as one logical link rather than several parallel ones, it doesn’t block any of the member links — so you get the full aggregate bandwidth without STP shutting links down...
EtherChannel Exclusive
We can implement EtherChannel by bundling multiple physical ports into one or more logical Ether Channel links. The interface speed and type for a single EthernetChannel must be same. The EtherChannel provides maximum 800 Mbps full-duplex speed in case of Fast EtherChannel and or 8 Gbps speed in case of Gigabit EtherChannel between one switch...
What is Link Aggregation?- Exclusive Introduction
Link aggregation is the capability to produce one logical link using several physical links between two devices. Network devices and management functions treat this link aggregation group (LAG) of multiple Ethernet connections as a single, unified link — giving network engineers a way to scale bandwidth between switches without replacing existing cabling or hardware. Why...
How to configure Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) is very similar to HSRP and can create a virtual gateway but the difference that it is not the Cisco Proprietary Protocol. It is a standard protocol defined by the IETF in RFC 3768. If you learn and understood HSRP then it is very easy for you to understand the...
How to Configure the Gateway Load Balancing Protocol?
Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP) is the Cisco-proprietary FHRP. It also allows load sharing between a group of redundant routers. GLBP was specially designed to overcome the limitations of HSRP and VRRP. In HSRP and VRRP, only the active/master router can forward traffic while all the standby/backup routers are idle but Gateway Load Balancing Protocol...