Networking
CCNA tutorials, Cisco guides, and enterprise networking insights for IT professionals.
Challenges in Multiaccess OSPF Networks
OSPF operates differently on multiaccess network segments than it does on point-to-point links. When multiple OSPF routers share a single broadcast or non-broadcast segment — such as an Ethernet LAN or a Frame Relay network — adjacency management, LSA flooding, and Designated Router (DR) election introduce challenges that do not exist on simple point-to-point connections....
Frame Control Field Format – Exclusive Explanation
We have already discussed the frame control field format in the previous lesson that the Frame Control field contains multiple subfields. The figure below illustrates the subfields of the frame control field. Protocol Version – It is a 2-bit field that indicates the current version of the protocol. The receiving devices use this value to...
What is Wireless 802.11 Frame
All Layer 2 frames contain a header, payload, and FCS section. The 802.11 frame format is similar to the Ethernet frame format, with the exception that it contains more fields. The figure below illustrates the wireless 802.11 frame formats and fields. Frame Control – It is 2 bytes long field which determines the type of wireless...
Types of OSPF Network – Introduction
OSPF is a dynamic link-state routing protocol replacing the distance vector routing protocol, RIP. However, OSPF has important advantages over RIP. OSPF offers faster convergence and scales to much larger network implementations. The OSPF defines five types of OSPF networks: Point-to-point—A point–to–point network is when two routers are interconnected over a common link without any...
Introduction to Wireless Antennas
Wireless antennas are elements of a radio communications system that radiate and/or collect radiofrequency energy. They are usually connected using a low-loss coaxial cable to a power amplifier, splitter, and filter or directly to wireless devices. For outdoor usage, wireless antennas are often attached via mounting clamps to a mast or the side of a...
Wireless Deployment Solutions – Exclusive Explanation
Wireless Deployment is depending on the requirement of an organization. Some organizations want coverage for small are while other needed coverage for a large area. Cisco offers deployment both for small and large organizations. Small Wireless Deployment For small wireless deployment requirements, Cisco offers autonomous AP solutions. The different types of autonomous APs are the...
What is Wireless Access Points
In the LAN (Wired Network) each client connects to a switch. The switch is the center point for each client to gain access to the network. The wireless Access Points also connects to the switch. Wireless clients discover nearby APs using their wireless NIC. The wireless Access Points are advertising their SSID for the client....
Wireless Home Router Exclusive Explanation
A Wireless home router is a device that communicates between the internet and the devices in your home that connect to the internet. It routes traffic between the devices and the internet. Selecting the right kind of router for your home is very important. A wireless home router usually serves as: A wireless router server...
Wireless Network Interface Card (WNIC): How It Works, Types, and What Matters in 2026
Every device that connects to Wi-Fi does so through a Wireless Network Interface Card — the radio hardware that turns your data into radio waves and back again. Whether it’s a chip soldered onto your laptop’s motherboard, an M.2 module inside a desktop, or a USB dongle you plug in, the WNIC is what actually...
Comparison Between WLAN and LAN – Exclusive Explanation
A WLAN allows devices to connect and communicate without using wires or cables. However, traditional wired LAN devices communicate over Ethernet cables. Both WLAN and LAN share a similar origin. The IEEE has chosen the 802 network standards for LAN/MAN portfolios of computer network architecture. The two primary 802 standards are 802.3 Ethernet and 802.11...